1 Alkanes and Aromatic Hydrocarbons Organic Compounds Bonding in Hydrocarbons Naming Alkanes Properties of Alkanes

2 The most important hypothesis in all of biology…is that everything that animals do, atoms do. In other words, there is nothing that living things do that cannot be understood from the point of view that they are made of atoms acting according to the laws of physics. Richard Feynman ( )

Depicting Formulas –molecular formula C 2 H 6 –structural formula –condensed structural formula CH 3 CH 3 3

Timberlake LecturePLUS4 Organic Compounds Contain carbon Have covalent bonds Have low melting points Have low boiling points Burn in air (oxygen) Are soluble in nonpolar solvents Form large molecules

5 Alkanes Contain C and H only Contain single bonds C-C Have 4 bonds to every carbon (C) atom Are nonpolar

6 Complete Structural Formulas Show the bonds between each of the atoms H H H C HH C H H H CH 4, methane

7 More Alkanes H HCondensed Structural Formulas H C C HCH 3 CH 3 H HEthane H H H H C C C HCH 3 CH 2 CH 3 H H H Propane

8 IUPAC Names Name# carbons Structural Formula Methane1CH 4 Ethane2CH 3 CH 3 Propane3CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 Butane4CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Pentane5CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 IUPAC = The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry

9 IUPAC NAMES Name # carbons Structural Formula Hexane 6 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Heptane 7 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Octane 8 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Nonane 9 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 Decane 10 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3

10 Learning Check Alk1 A. What is the condensed formula for H H H H H C C C C H H H H H B. What is its molecular formula? C. What is its name?

11 Solution Alk1 A.CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 B. C 4 H 10 C.butane

Timberlake LecturePLUS12 Reactions of Alkanes Combustion alkane + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O + heat

Timberlake LecturePLUS13 Combustion In the Cell Metabolic oxidation is combustion C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O + ATP + heat glucose

Timberlake LecturePLUS14 Learning Check Alk2 Complete the combustion reaction for C 3 H 8 + O 2 + Balance your equation

Timberlake LecturePLUS15 Solution Alk2 Step 1 C 3 H 8 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O Step 2 C 3 H 8 + O 2 3 CO H 2 O Step 3 C 3 H O 2 3 CO H 2 O

Timberlake LecturePLUS16 Learning Check Alk3 Complete and balance the reaction for the complete combustion of C 7 H 16

Timberlake LecturePLUS17 Solution Alk3 Step 1 C 7 H 16 + O 2 CO 2 + H 2 O Step 2 C 7 H 16 + O 2 7 CO H 2 O Step 3 C 7 H O 2 7 CO H 2 O