Objective 3.03 Identify political and military turning points of the Civil War and assess their significance to the outcome of the conflict.

Northern Strengths Industry Farm Land Population Shipping Standard Gauge Railroad Telegraph

Southern Strengths Defending their homes Military Leadership Fighting for a Cause Cotton

Northern Weaknesses Lack of a Cause Military Leadership

Northern Strategy Anaconda Plan –Blockade the Southern Coast –Divide the South along the Mississippi River –Take Richmond

Southern Strategy Defend their territory King Cotton- Gain the support of Great Britain Take Washington D.C. Speed up the war as much as possible –Antietam –Gettysburg

Tactics Napoleonic Tactics –Massive Groups of People out in the open –Outflank the enemy –Defend the High Ground –Semi-Circle

Technology Repeating Weapons Exploding Shells Long Range Weapons Iron Clad Ships Submarine- Hunley

First Battle of Bull Run/Manassas Junction First major battle of the Civil War, spectators from Washington D.C. packed picnic lunches and came to the battle field to witness the historic event

Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson One of the most famous Generals in the Southern Army, known for riding his horse with his hand raised, favorite fruit was lemons, gained his nickname during the Battle of Bull Run, When he died Robert E. Lee said that he had lost his right arm

George McClellan 1st Commander of the Potomac fired by Abraham Lincoln because he refused to fight until the Army was completely ready to fight.

Anaconda Plan Northern War plan to squeeze the life out of the South included: blockade of Southern ports, taking control of the Mississippi, and capturing the capital at Richmond

Antietam Bloodiest one day battle of the War, Emancipation Proclamation was enacted after this battle

Emancipation Proclamation Issued by President Lincoln to free the slaves in “states in rebellion”, attempt to keep Great Britain from supporting the south

Vicksburg Turning Point in the War in the West, gave the Union control of the Mississippi River and made Ulysses S. Grant a national hero

Ulysses S. Grant Commander of the Army of the Potomac, promoted after the Battle of Vicksburg, eventually would become President of the US

Robert E. Lee Commander of the Confederate Army in the East- Army of Virginia

Gettysburg Turning Point of the War in the East, battle was in Pennsylvania, last aggressive Confederate attack into the North, July of 1863

Gettysburg Address Speech dedicating the cemetery at Gettysburg

Writ of Habeas Corpus First amendment rights, rights were restricted during the Civil War

Election of 1864 President Lincoln wins re-election against General McClellan, means that the war will continue until completion

Copperheads Northern politicians that were against the war effort

William Tecumseh Sherman’s “March to the Sea” March from Tennessee to South Carolina, 100 mile wide path of destruction for the purpose of breaking the back of the south

Appomattox Courthouse Site of the surrender of the Southern Army, Robert E. Lee surrenders to Ulysses S. Grant

African American Participation African Americans served on both sides during the war mainly as cooks, grave diggers and teamsters. By the end of the war African Americans were enlisted to fight.

John Wilkes Booth Assassinated President Lincoln, famous actor, Confederate spy