Descent with Modification

History of Evolution Plato (427 – 347 B.C.) – Two Worlds Aristotle (384 – 322 B.C.) – Scale of Nature Judeo-Christian – Old Testament Natural Theology (1700’s) – Creator’s plan studying biology Linnaeus (1707 – 1778) - Taxonomy

History of Evolution Cuvier (1769 – 1832) Father of Paleontology Catastrophism

History of Evolution Hutton (1726 – 1797) Gradualism

History of Evolution Charles Lyell (1797 – 1875) Uniformitarianism Principles of Geology Earth must be very old Very small processes can make large changes over time

History of Evolution Lamark (1809) Inheritance of Acquired Traits

Darwinian Revolution Medical School Clergyman HMS Beagle

Darwinian Revolution HMS Beagle (1831 – 1836) – chart the coast of South America Captain Robert FitzRoy – Companion

Darwinian Revolution

The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle For Life (1858)

Darwinian Revolution Why did it take 22 years to publish?

Darwinian Revolution Alfred Wallace (1823 – 1913) East Indies

Darwinian Revolution Two main Points Descent with Modification Natural Selection

Natural Selection (Ernst Mayr) Observation # 1 All Species have the ability to increase exponentially Observation # 2 Populations tend to remain the same Observation # 3 Resources are Limited Inference # 1 Production of more individuals than can possibly survive leads to a struggle for survival

Natural Selection (Ernst Mayr) Observation # 4 Individuals vary Observation # 5 Much of the variation is inheritable Inference # 2 The Individuals who inherit the best traits for the environment are likely to leave offspring Inference # 3 This difference will lead to a gradual change in the population

Evidence of Evolution Taxonomy

Evidence of Evolution Fossil Record

Evidence of Evolution Biogeography

Evidence of Evolution Comparative Anatomy Homologous Structures

Evidence of Evolution Comparative Embryology

Evidence of Evolution Comparative Molecular Biology