AN INTERCONNECTION OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATOR (PVG) With THE POWER UTILITES GRID: Study Cases Dr. Maamar Taleb Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department University of Bahrain Energy Economy & Energy Management Forum (EEEMF2015) for MENA & Fourth Renewable Energy National Dialogue - Amman – Jordan May 18-20, 2015

Agenda Motivation and Rationale Conventional Way of Interconnection Proposed Idea of Interconnection PV Panels Characteristics Control Strategy Experimental Setup Performance Conclusions

MOTIVATION AND RATIONALE Global Primary Energy Demand

US … 20% Wind by 2030 (1 % now) EU … 20% Renewable Energy by 2020 China … 30 GW Wind by 2020 India … 12 GW Wind by 2012

Europe´s commitment in the promotion of renewables: Directive 20/20

Conventional Way of Interconnection continued

Initiative of Interconnection

Proposed Way of Interconnection

PV Panels Photo

PV Panels Circuit and Mathematical Model

PV MODEL PARAMETERS DETERMINATION R L1 = 23.8  R L2 =13.5  R L3 =4.3 

PV MODEL Parameters Determination

PV Panels Characteristics

Firing Angle Controller Block Diagram

Experimental Setup

Performance (before Interconnection of PV Panels)

Performance (after Interconnection of PV Panels)

Limitations & Drawbacks (Of Current Experimental Setup) Equipment Ratings Low Power Factor Harmonics Generation

Harmonics Generation Solution

Continued

Conclusions Interconnecting PVG source to a main AC supply was investigated. - The interconnection was done using a bridge rectifier. The bridge rectifier was operated in an “inverter mode of operation”. Quite encouraging results were reached when taken under a random insolation level. For an almost 130 W power required by an ac load connected at the ac side of the bridge, the PVG source contributed nearly % of such power while the main ac supply supplied the rest % of power to the AC load.