Week 4: Monetary Transactions in Ecommerce Chapter 3 of Amor Text “Selecting the Technology” Virginia F. Kleist, Ph.D.

Chapter 3 Chapter 3 is about the hardware and software infrastructure that enables the electronic commerce web application to operate. This chapter covers the basics of the internet communications architecture, IP addresses, software and some middleware applications. This chapter, together with Chpt. 14, covers the fundamentals of the tools that are required to build a viable web presence, infrastructural, software and payments mechanisms. The course has a managerial component, a technology component and a programming component, and these two chapters are related to the technology component.

Outline of Chpt. 3 Amor text Internet networking Exploring the IT infrastructure Deciding on the Enterprise Middleware Choosing the Right Enterprise Applications Building the E-Business Applications Speeding up the Internet

3.1 Internet Networking The internet infrastructure The Internet architecture The internet protocol suite The domain name system IPv ATM Networks

Application Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Physical Layer HTTP Request HTTPTCP HTTPTCPIP HTTPTCPIPEthernet Sender Receiver Request Application Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Physical Layer HTTP Request HTTPTCP HTTPTCPIP HTTPTCPIPEthernet Request Figure 5-1 TCP/IP’s 5-Layer Network Model (note: from Fitzgerald and Dennis, 2002)

Client computer UT DNS Server 1. DNS Request to local server UT LAN IU LAN Interne t Figure 5-7 How the DNS works 2. DNS Request to.edu server IU DNS Server Root DNS Server for.EDU domain University of Toronto (note: from Fitzgerald and Dennis, 2002) Indiana University 3. DNS Request to IU DNS server 4. DNS Response to.edu server 5. DNS Response to UT server 6. DNS Response to client

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (note: from Fitzgerald and Dennis, 2002) Developed in 1974 by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn as part of the Arpanet network developed for the US Defense Department. TCP/IP is the protocol used by the Internet. Almost 70% of all backbone, metropolitan and wide area networks use TCP/IP. In 1998, TCP/IP surpassed IPX/SPX to become the most common protocol on local area networks.

Introduction: The Network and Transport Layers (note: from Fitzgerald and Dennis, 2002) The transport layer is responsible for end-to-end delivery of outgoing messages from the application layer. The transport layer sets up virtual circuits (when needed) and is also responsible for segmentation (breaking the message into several smaller pieces) at the sending end and reassembly (reconstructing the original message into a single whole) at the receiving end. The network layer is responsible for addressing and routing of the message. The network and transport layers also perform encapsulation of message segments from the application layer, passing them down to the data link layer on the sending end and passing them up to the application layer on the receiving end (see Figure 5-1).

IP Address Ipv4 Class A networks 16,777,216 IP addresses Class B networks 65,536 IP addresses Class C networks 256 IP addresses

Types of addresses (note: from Fitzgerald and Dennis, 2002) Address Example SoftwareExample Address Application LayerWeb browserwww.cba.uga.edu Network LayerTCP/IP Data Link LayerEthernet00-0C-00-F5-03-5A

IPv4 Addresses (note: from Fitzgerald and Dennis, 2002) IPv4, uses 4 byte (32 bit) addresses which is really a string of 32 binary bits. To make IP addresses easier to understand for human readers, dotted decimal notation is used. Dotted decimal notation breaks the address into four bytes and writes each byte values digital equivalent. An of an IP address in dotted decimal notation would be:

Figure 5-12 (note: from Fitzgerald and Dennis, 2002)

3.2 Exploring the IT Infrastructure The platform Basic internet software

3.3 Deciding on the Enterprise Middleware Mail and collaboration Network and Systems Management Security software Payment solutions Database Management systems High availability

3.4 Choosing the Right Enterprise Applications Software trends Imaging technologies Content preparation: HTML, web page editors, content management,graphics software, multimedia tools, sound software Data warehousing: consolidated views, descriptive terms, preprocessed data, normalization of data Enterprise Resource Planning Call center solutions

3.5 Building the E-Business Application Putting the building blocks together Integrating the enterprise Solutions to integration: Point to point, database to database, federated databases, brokering, composite application, process automation Selecting the right EAI Technology

3.6 Speeding up the Internet Introduction Content delivery management Bandwidth conservation Quality of service Caching