 1.02 Summarize factors to consider when choosing a place to live. What factors should be considered when choosing a place to live?

Forces that Influences on Housing  History  Technology  Culture  Economy  Society  Environment  Government Which of these forces involve people? Which of these forces involve conditions?

Historical Influences  Industrial Revolution  Increase in urban housing  Increase in birth rate, cities grew  Increased demand for housing in urban areas  Housing was built close together and crowded causing high density  Tenement housing: early apartments  Row houses: continuous group of dwellings connected by common sidewalls  Duplexes: two-family dwellings

Historical Influences  1700s-1800s new inventions, machinery, and technology increased changes in the housing industry  1900s the number of immigrants to the US dramatically increased and moved into cities.  World War I paused the building of housing, causing a shortage, overcrowding and decline in home ownership  After WWI 1/3 of the population was living in substandard housing, below the standards best for people  By the Great Depression, more than 1/2 of the US population lived in cities  Housing construction was still decreased  People of all incomes struggled  Private enterprise and the government saw a need for housing reform

Historical Influences  Factory-produced units emerged to meet the housing shortages  Lower cost  Less construction time  After World War II, housing construction continued  Tract homes, groups of similarly designed homes appeared  Housing improvements  New towns  Subdivisions

Cultural Influences  Occurred in North America when settlers arrived from all over the world to join the Native Americans  Navajo tribe of the North American Southwest, lived in a “hogan”, a building made of logs and mud  Windows faced west and a single door faced east  Immigrants and their unique cultures influenced housing development  Spanish built “missions” with whitewashed walls and red-tiled roofs  Pilgrims, duplicated Native Americans, then duplicated English cottages after the winter

Societal Influences  Changes in household:  Needs  Wants  Lifestyles  Household size  Household composition  Growth of older population  People with disabilities  Affordable housing  Planning for leisure time  Working from home  Mobile living

Environmental Influences  Natural Environment – provided by land  Land, water, trees, solar energy, climate  Topography: lay of land and climate influence the location and design of dwellings  Constructed Environment- includes the natural environment after it has been changed by human effort  Built, landscaped, heated/cooled to control the indoor climate  Behavioral Environment- an environment for people to interact with one another  Human qualities and feelings

Economic Influences  Production and consumption of goods and services related to housing  Interaction among consumers, businesses, and government in meeting housing needs  Resources: objects, qualities, and personal strengths used to reach a goal

Economic Influences  Housing affecting the economy  Measuring the economy based on the number of families that can afford to buy a median-priced home in their area  Measuring the economy through the number of housing starts, or new houses being built in a given year  When the economy is down, the number of housing starts may fall short of expectations.  Economy affecting housing  The housing industry depends on the housing market, the transfer of dwellings from the producers to the consumers  The strength of the housing market depends on supply and demand, the number of existing homes vs. the number needed by the population  Growth in the housing industry has a positive impact on the gross domestic product (GDP), which is the value of all goods and services produced within a given country during a given time period.

Technological Influences  Knowledge of tools, materials, and processes allows people to adapt to their environment  Technology changes over time as new and better ways of meeting human needs  “High tech” has a big and growing influence on housing decisions  Media rooms, home theaters, sound systems  Many architects and interior designers use computer aided drafting and design (CADD)  Creates designs with a computer to develop housing interiors and housing plans  Plans can be quickly adjusted to conserve materials, improve building structure, and energy efficiency

Governmental Influences  Legislation- laws regulating housing  Federal Housing Administration (FHA)- the passage of the Housing Act of 1937, the public-housing program was created with the objective of providing decent, sanitary housing for low-income families  US Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)- this is a cabinet-level, policy-making body whose mission is to promote a decent, safe, and sanitary home, and suitable living environment for all Americans.  Building codes- establish minimum standards for materials and construction methods  Uniform Building code is the most widely adopted model building code in the world, it sets the minimum standards for building construction  Zoning regulation- a government requirement that controls land use  Consumer Product Safety Commission- created to foster a positive natural environment  Environmental Protection Agency- created to safeguard the natural environment, including the air, water, and land upon which life depends.