Industrial Revolution Quiz 1. Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?( what country) 2. What two natural resources did this country have in abundance? 3. Define the term enclosure movement - 4. Name two inventions of the Agricultural revolution - 5. Name the two men associated with the creation of the steam engine - 6. In what year did Marx and publish the Communist Manifesto?

The Industrial Revolution -Great Britain The Agricultural Revolution paves the way for the Industrial Revolution. The enclosure movement begins in England. New innovations in Agriculture - seed drill, crop rotation, mechanical reaper. By the 1850’s many farm workers moved to the city.

The Factors of Production Great Britain had abundant land, capital, and labor. Great Britain had abundant supplies of Coal, Iron and Natural waterways. Managing a business was looked on as a good job or profession. The British colonies were a huge market and the British navy could deliver the goods.

The Textile Industry Textile industry was the first industry to use mechanization. The factory system replaced the domestic system in producing textiles. New inventions like the flying shuttle, and the spinning mule increase production. Cotton becomes “King”, in the South to supply England.

Steam Engines Water Power drove the early machines of the Industrial Revolution. Thomas Newcomen produced the first steam engine for draining mines. In 1760, James Watt produced the modern steam engine. Bessemer process developed to make steel used in steam engines.

Industrialization takes off Coke gas used in iron production used in gas lights. Darby - coal to coke Samuel Slater smuggles textile secrets to the U.S. Andrew Carnegie brings the steel making Bessemer process to the U.S. Samuel Morse invents the telegraph and Morse Code. The Free market is allowed to determine who will be successful and who will be poor. The gap between rich and poor increases.

Railroads and Steamboats 1814 George Stephenson perfected a locomotive, (The Rocket)- 29 mph. Robert Fulton perfected the steamboat ( The Clermont). The Cunard line built. Steam ships of iron and steel. The Communications Revolution Volta - the Battery, Marconi - radio, Morse - telegraph. Guglielmo Marconi

The Spread of Industry The European continent was slow to industrialize. Belgium, France, and Germany developed much later than Great Britain. By 1870 the U.S. was second only to Great Britain as manufacturing nation. Eli Whitney - the cotton gin and Cyrus McCormick - the mechanical reaper. Cyrus McCormick

The Effects of Machines on Work Machines allowed unskilled workers to become productive. Women and children worked for lower wages. ( Older skilled workers became unemployed). Wages were paid for hours or goods produced. Wages were determined by supply and demand. The owner of the factory owned the means of production. Child Labor

Factory Rules and Regulations Working in early factories was dangerous, hard work. Normal work day was 14 hours, 6 days a week. Early factories were noisy, unsanitary, and unsafe. 5 year olds were employed in the coal mines and textile mills. Living conditions in homes were cramped and unhealthy. Power Looms

Development of the Middle Class Bankers, merchants, doctors, lawyers, became middle class. The middle class became wealthy during the industrial revolution. Women’s role in the economy changed to one of lesser status. Domestic service was a common job for working women. Middle class women became nurses, teachers, social workers. Working Women

The New Industrial Economy Capitalism - When the individual controls the factors of production. Commercial capitalism - trading goods and services. Industrial capitalism - production and manufacturing of goods. Division of Labor - breaking work up into steps. Whitney- interchangeable parts. Eli Whitney

The Rise of the Corporation Mass Production - manufacturing a large number of identical items. Henry Ford’s assembly line - manufactured the Model T Ford. Cheap, reliable transportation. Sole proprietorship - business owned and run by one person. partnership is owned by two or more people. corporation - owners buy stock, Board of directors, shares. Model T Ford

Business Cycles J.P. Morgan - U.S. financier who helped create Standard Oil and U.S. Steel. monopolies - control of the total production of a good or service by a single firm. cartel - a combination of corporations set up to control a good or service. Business cycle - alternating periods of prosperity and decline. J.P. Morgan