Coastal Resilience

2 Contents  Traditional approach  Current trends:  Coastal Resilience  Soft measures  Example projects  Dune creation  ‘Sandengine’  Artificial reef  Natural material

Traditional Approach  Single problem owner  Non-integrated approach  Single aim: safety  No socio-economic review  No interest in environment  Hard measurements RESULTS  Damaging impact  Loss of habitat & environment  Erosion other locations

Coastal Resilience 4 impact probability Present risk Future risk Future risk Future risk Future risk Future risk Future risk Future risk Future risk Improvement works Improved hazard & warning preparedness developments Climate change Future risk

Traditional Approach: Brittle failure 5

Coastal Resilience 6  What is Resilience?  Ability to withstand conditions beyond its design without catastrophic failure  Combination of solutions  Knowledge of interaction of the components  Understanding risk & failure mechanisms  Solution serves whole life performance not a standard

Soft Measures 7  “Soft where it can – hard where it must”  Emphasis on non-structural measures  Spatial planning  Public awareness  Flood warning  Natural materials  (Armoured) earth levees  Rocks & stones  Sand nourishment  Flexible  No large CapEx - Investments spread  Environmental friendly

Nourishment: Dune development 8

“Sand Engine” (TUD/Deltares)  Not only beach, also under water  Sand requirements Dutch Coast rise  12 Mln m 3  20 Mln m 3  Sand nourishment – new peninsula 9

Artificial Reef 10

Natural Material: The Palms Palm Jumeirah – Palm Jebel Ali – Palm Deira REQUIREMENTS:  Shamal winds  m deep sea  Limitation of wave run-up and overtopping  Protection at minimum costs  Natural look and feel, environmentally sound 11

Natural Material: The Palms DESIGN:  Use natural materials (coarse) sand, quarry run and rocks up to about 5 to 6 tonnes  Limit crest level to 1 m above reclaimed island to not disturb the view on the sea  Recreate life-sustaining ‘ecological networks’ on a massive scale 12

Natural Material: The Palms 13

Artificial Reef – Natural Material: The World 14