PRE-ALGEBRA

Lesson 4-1 Warm-Up

PRE-ALGEBRA Rules: The following divisibility rules are true for all numbers. Example: Are 282, 468, 215, and 1,017 divisible by 3 or 9? How can you tell if a number is divisible by 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, and 10? Divisibility and Factors (4-1)

PRE-ALGEBRA Is the first number divisible by the second? Explain. a. 1,028 by 2 Yes; 1,028 ends in 8. b. 572 by 5 No; 572 doesn’t end in 0 or 5. c. 275 by 10 No; 275 doesn’t end in 0. Divisibility and Factors LESSON 4-1 Additional Examples

PRE-ALGEBRA Is the first number divisible by the second? a. 1,028 by 3 No; = is not divisible by 3. b. 522 by 9 Yes; = 9. 9 is divisible by 9. Divisibility and Factors LESSON 4-1 Additional Examples

PRE-ALGEBRA Factors: the numbers you multiply together to get a product. Example: the product 24 has several factors. 24 = 1 x = 2 x = 3 x 8 24 = 4 x 6 The factors of 24 are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 To find the factors of a number: Start with 1 times the number. Try 2, 3, 4, etc. If you get doubles (such as 4 x 4), then you’re done. Repeats or doubles let you know you’re done. Example: What are the factors of 16? 3 isn’t a factor (doesn’t go into 16), so cross it out Doubles or repeats mean your done! The factors of 16 are 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16. What is a “factor”? How do you find the factors of a number? 1 x 16 2 x 8 3 x ? 4 x 4 Divisibility and Factors (4-1)

PRE-ALGEBRA Ms. Washington’s class is having a class photo taken. Each row must have the same number of students. There are 35 students in the class. How can Ms. Washington arrange the students in rows if there must be at least 5 students, but no more than 10 students, in each row? 1 35, 5 7 Find pairs of factors of 35. There can be 5 rows of 7 students, or 7 rows of 5 students. Divisibility and Factors LESSON 4-1 Additional Examples

PRE-ALGEBRA prime number: numbers that only have two factors: one, and the number itself Examples: 3, 5, 7, 11, 31 composite numbers: numbers that have more than two factors Examples: 6, 15, 18, 30, 100 prime factorization: when a composite number is expressed as the product of prime numbers only Example: 18 can be expressed as 3 x 3 x 2 Example: 40 can be expressed as 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 What are “prime numbers”? What are “composite numbers:? Divisibility and Factors (4-1)

PRE-ALGEBRA 61 has only two factors, 1 and 61. So 61 is prime. a. 61 b. 65 Since 65 is divisible by 5, it has more than two factors. So 65 is composite. Is each number prime or composite? Explain. LESSON 4-1 Additional Examples Divisibility and Factors

PRE-ALGEBRA 2 x 50 To find the prime factorization of a number, make a factor tree as follows:. 1.Write the product of a prime and composite number under the original number and draw lines connecting the factors with the original number. 2.Circle the prime number, and repeat step 1 with the composite factor. 3.Continue this process until the only numbers you have left are prime numbers. 4.Multiply all of the circled numbers together. Example: What is the prime factorization of 100? How do you find the prime factorization of a number? x 25 5 x 5 2 is a prime numbers, so we are done with it. 5 is a prime numbers, so we are done with it. So, the prime factorization of 100 is 2 x 2 x 5 x 5. Divisibility and Factors (4-1)

PRE-ALGEBRA Since exponents show repeated multiplication (i.e. 3 4 means “3 x 3 x 3 x 3”), write any repeated prime numbers once and use an exponent to tell how many time that multiplication is repeated. Example: In the previous example, we found the prime factorization of 100 as being 2 x 2 x 5 x 5. 2 x 2 can be expressed in exponent form as x 5 can be expressed in exponent form as 5 2 So, 2 x 2 x 5 x 5 is more simply put as 2 2 x 5 2 How can we express prime factorization with exponents? “ Divisibility and Factors (4-1)

PRE-ALGEBRA prime 330 prime 310 prime 2525 Find the prime factorization of 90. The prime factorization of 90 is or Stop when all factors are prime. Use a factor tree. Because the sum of the digits of 90 is 9, 90 is divisible by 3. Begin the factor tree with LESSON 4-1 Additional Examples Divisibility and Factors

PRE-ALGEBRA State whether each number is divisible by 2, 3, 5, 9, or List the positive factors of 36. 2, 3, 92, 3, 5, 9, 103, 95 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 36 Lesson Quiz Divisibility and Factors LESSON 4-1