Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
America’s Democratic Republic Chapter 13: The Federal Bureaucracy
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman In This Chapter What role the bureaucracy has in democratic and eighteenth-century republican doctrines How and why the federal bureaucracy grew Who bureaucrats are and what they do How the executive branch is organized Who and what influence bureaucratic decision making
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
18 th -Century Republican Doctrines Wrote a Constitution that made it difficult for elected officials to create a large, expensive, and intrusive national government Separation of Powers Checks and Balances The national government had a narrow range of interests
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Transformation of the Bureaucracy Post-Civil War Rise of the corporation Great Depression World War II Regulatory State Devolution
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Organization of Executive Branch Departments Independent executive agencies Government corporations Quasi-government corporations Independent regulatory commissions Foundations
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman What Do Bureaucrats Do? Execute programs and policies Regulate Adjudicate Broad discretion Policymakers Anti-democratic
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Who Are The Bureaucrats? Merit Services Competitive Civil Service Agency Merit Services Excepted Authorities Senior Executive Service Civil Servants Political Appointees
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Political & Governmental Influences on Bureaucratic Behavior President and the Bureaucracy As chief executive, president is the formal head, yet Ability to control the bureaucracy is limited Size and complexity Civil service regulations Share authority with Congress and the courts
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Political & Governmental Influences on Bureaucratic Behavior Tools of Presidential Leadership Prestige of office Presidential popularity Power of appointment Power as chief budget office
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Political & Governmental Influences on Bureaucratic Behavior Congress and Bureaucracy Legislates organization and mission Confirms presidential appointees Controls agencies’ budgets Holds oversight hearings Use of Inspectors General
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Political & Governmental Influences on Bureaucratic Behavior The Courts and the Bureaucracy Agencies cannot violate the constitutional protections of the Bill of Rights Must treat citizens equally Must follow the Administrative Procedure Act of 1946
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Political & Governmental Influences on Bureaucratic Behavior The Public and the Press Reports on content of public policies Bureaucratic failures and successes Scandals and disasters
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Political & Governmental Influences on Bureaucratic Behavior Interest Groups Heavily lobby bureaucratic agencies Through Congress Directly Formal comments on rules
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Reforming the Bureaucracy How? Scale back size Cut the fat Privatize Become more businesslike Protect against abuse of power
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman
Federal Bureaucracy and the Democratic Republic Mixed feelings Good Most agencies carry out their missions Dedication of civil servants Bad Bureaucratic agencies’ discretion Agencies are largely unnoticed and Too many Agencies Rules
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Summary The framers originally intended for federal government to act in a narrow range of activities In the United States, the bureaucracy is the executive branch of the national government Control of the bureaucracy is fragmented and complicated Bureaucrats’ purpose is to regulate and adjudicate among other duties Many have argued that the role of much of the bureaucracy could be more effectively carried out in the private sector
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Question 1 An example of a nonprofit bureaucratic organization is __________. Microsoft General Motors Johnson & Johnson The Girl Scouts
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Answer An example of a nonprofit bureaucratic organization is __________. Microsoft General Motors Johnson & Johnson The Girl Scouts
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Question 2 The Corporation for Public Broadcasting is a __________. Quasi-governmental organization Structure organization Private organization Foreign investment firm
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Answer The Corporation for Public Broadcasting is a __________. Quasi-governmental organization Structure organization Private organization Foreign investment firm
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Question 3 Agency budgets are approved and provided by __________. The president The Supreme Court Private industry Congress
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Answer Agency budgets are approved and provided by __________. The president The Supreme Court Private industry Congress
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Question 4 By introducing business principles into the executive branch, executives have attempted to __________ government. Realign Reapportion Reinvent Rehabilitate
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Answer By introducing business principles into the executive branch, executives have attempted to __________ government. Realign Reapportion Reinvent Rehabilitate
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman Question 5 What advantages could be gained by privatizing governmental functions?