Ch 10 Volcanoes Volcano- vent in the Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava & volcanic ash erupt & build up.

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Presentation transcript:

Ch 10 Volcanoes Volcano- vent in the Earth’s surface that often forms a mountain when layers of lava & volcanic ash erupt & build up

What causes a Volcano? Heat & pressure cause rock to melt deep within the Earth magma is formed magma is less dense than rock around it & rises

B. Vent – opening in Earth’s surface that molten rock comes out of Parts of a Volcano B. Vent – opening in Earth’s surface that molten rock comes out of C. Crater – steep walled depression around a volcano’s vent http://www.brainpop.com/science/earth/volcanoes/index.weml

D. Hot Spots Areas where magma from deep in Earth’s mantle has melted through the crust to form several volcanoes

Ex. The Hawaiian Island chain the Pacific Plate is moving over a stationary hot spot Kauai is the oldest Lo’ihi an underwater volcano will form the next island in the chain

Produces a large opening Ex. Crater Lake in Oregon E. Caldera Formed when the top of a volcano collapses into the partially emptied magma chamber Produces a large opening Ex. Crater Lake in Oregon

igneous rock (intrusion) that cools inside other rock VI . Plutons igneous rock (intrusion) that cools inside other rock

Types of Plutons Dikes – vertical intrusion that cuts across layers, rock types do not match Batholiths – largest igneous intrusions, forms when magma cools underground before reaching the surface

3. Sills – form when magma squeezes into horizontal cracks & hardens Types of Plutons 3. Sills – form when magma squeezes into horizontal cracks & hardens 4. Laccolith – domed sill, that has pushed up the rock above it Stone Mt., Georgia

Types of Plutons 5. Volcanic neck – the hard solid vent of a volcano left behind after the cone erodes Ex. Ship Rock New Mexico & Devil’s Tower

Mt. Vesuvius, Pompeii, Italy 79 AD

Mt. Vesuvius, Pompeii, Italy 79 AD

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