Monday, Oct. 13 Objective: We will investigate the dangers of unregulated working conditions, and the reaction of Labor Unions and the National Government. Agenda: Warm Up Growth of Cities Close Reading Unit 2 Common Assessment. What did you Learn in School? Homework: Read Doc. 2 and answer the “Text Dependent Questions” on pg. 3. Homework: Read Doc. 2 and answer the “Text Dependent Questions” on pg. 3.

Warm Up Orange Desk: Get Materials Pink Desk: Recorder Yellow Desk: Clean Up Green Desk: Gather handouts 1.Which of the following statements about labor unions is true? a)Unions agreed on all the major goals for workers. b)Unions were only for skilled workers. c)Unions had different membership requirements and goals. d)African Americans and immigrants were barred from all unions

Urbanization …the growth of cities. When a nation urbanizes, its cities grow. Cities are also called urban areas.

What is the closest U.S. city to us?

In the late 1800s, American cities grew very rapidly. Chicago in 1871Chicago in 1916

As more and more people moved there, cities became overcrowded, filthy, and dangerous

As new forms of transportation were developed CARSTROLLEYS

Those who had money moved to the SUBURBS

What are suburbs? Suburbs are residential communities that grew just outside cities. Silver Spring is considered a suburb of Washington, D.C.

urban

suburban

rural

Problems in cities late 1800s-early 1900s Huge numbers of extremely poor people were crowded – both immigrants and migrants from farms

Overcrowding in terrible apartments called tenements

Municipal (city) governments of the rapidly growing cities had limited resources but faced unlimited needs. They were expected to provide increasing services including: – Sewers – Clean water – Bridges – Improved transit – Schools – Garbage collection – Firefighting How could cities pay for these services? TAXES

Different groups competed for control of city governments They formed organizations called POLITICAL MACHINES: unofficial city organizations designed to keep a particular political party (Democrats or Republicans) in power

Political machines were often headed by a single “boss” …like New York City’s “Boss” Tweed.

Political machines worked through exchanges of favors – often illegal For example: poor immigrants who could not make rent payments might get $$$ in exchange for agreeing that they and all their friends would vote for the Democrats in the next election.

These favors were an example of GRAFT: using your government job to make a profit. Grafting is illegal.

William “Boss” Tweed was the poster boy for big city Graft and “Machine politics”

Progressive Movement A political force that wants reform in all levels of government, education, industry, medicine, and finance. Progressive wanted to change the way the government was run to help the people, and not themselves. More workers rights. Wanted advancement in schools and sciences. Wanted more medical advances.

Close Reading You will be completing a Close Reading formative assignment. This assignment will be due on Thursday Oct. 16, Close Reading: A close, in-depth examination of a historical source. At first glance, does this image show a positive or negative effect of industrialization? What makes you think that?

D ividing the picture into four different parts is very similar to Close Reading. Taking closer looks at the four different picture allowed us to see different details. That is what we will be doing with Paragraphs in the Close Reading activity.

Close Reading Strategies Since we will be taking a closer look at each paragraph, we can break them down easier. The One Sentence Summary: After reading each paragraph, summarize it with one sentence. Claims: to say that something is true when some people may say it is not true. To make a statement based on opinion. In you reading you need to highlight or underline all the “claims”. Evidence: something which shows that something else exists or is true by fact. In you reading you need to circle or highlight in a different color all the “evidence”. Claims: to say that something is true when some people may say it is not true. To make a statement based on opinion. In you reading you need to highlight or underline all the “claims”. Evidence: something which shows that something else exists or is true by fact. In you reading you need to circle or highlight in a different color all the “evidence”.

What Did You Learn In School? 1.How did the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire spark the creation of Labor Unions?