Clean Vehicles Possibilities and Barriers Jonas Ericson City of Stockholm Environment & Health department
The Problem
Global energy scenario exajoules Copyright- Shell International Petroleum Surprise Geothermic Sun Biomass Wind Nuclear Hydropower Other gases Oil & natural gas Coal Wood +2% per.år.
The Solution?
The ultimate Clean vehicle?
The vehicles are here! More than 75 vehicle models of different types and fuels in EU
The fuels are here Ethanol Biogas Biodiesel CNG Substitution potential today 30 % Potential tomorrow % Hybrid technology potential 30 %
The Chicken & Egg Dilemma No vehicles No buyers No fuelling
Who’s Problem?
Neutral informationNeutral information Vehicle ownersVehicle owners Buyers of transportsBuyers of transports IncentivesIncentives InfrastructureInfrastructure CITIES AND REGIONS Fuel producerFuel producer
The AFV development chain Municipal fleet 1-2 models 1 fuel stn Company fleets models +1-2 fuel stn Private companies Many models Full fuelling infrastructure Private citizens AFV like any other choice
Market introduction of new technology early adopters most buyers late adopters market size time Support needed 5 %
Stockholm Bus fleet on ethanol & biogas Waste trucks on biogas City fleet on biogas, ethanol & hybrid
The Barriers
High costs Increase the market! Buy many! = co-operate! Clean vehicles are expensive Technology development Educate sellers Educate maintenance Spare part chain + SMALL market
Joint procurement u Electric vehicles in Zeus u Ford Focus Ethanol u Clean vehicles in Trendsetter Introduction on market % Lower price Doubling fuel stations
Greening transportation by procuring : u Clean Vehicles u Entrepreneurs working for the public –transport services for the municipality –public transport –waste collection –taxis driving for the public
Biogas : Ethanol : Fast charging : 6 Normal charging : 40 Fuelling
No congestion charges No/Reduced parking fees Green procurement Test fleet Taxi priority Subsidies for special vehicles Tax discounts on fuels & cars Permission to use bus lanes Access to restricted areas Designated parking spaces Incentives
Information u Campaigns u Demonstration events u Advertising u Newspapers, TV u Web u Telephone advise
The national level u Long term (8-12 years) tax reductions on alternative fuels u Long term tax reductions on vehicles u Government procurement of alternative fuelled vehicles u Definition of alternative fuelled vehicles –Free parking –Free driving in congestion charging zone –Other incentives
The Results
Sold AFVs in Stockholm Prognosis by sellers
Clean vehicles in Stockholm Jan 2005
Conclusions Cities and regions can set off the development - today! Use yor procurement power - require transport services to be clean Increase your procurement power - cooperate!
The Future
Bioethanol for Sustainable Transport vehicles 10 cities 150 fuelling stations Improved production
BIOGAS as vehicle fuel - MArket eXpansion to 2020 Biogas production in 6 cities Biogas Highway vehicles
New and Innovative Concepts for Helping European transport Sustainability What? Gather best practise and extract the essence Assess the transferability Spread the word Non-polluting & energy efficient vehicles u Policy strategy to deploy private AFVs u Biogas in captive fleets u Joint procurement of AFVs
If you are looking for clean road transporation… - Listen to interesting speakers - Discuss possible solutions - Try new technique - Meet: producers buyers users decision makers Stockholm 8-10 november For up-to-date information, visit
Miljöbilar i Sthlm Environmental performance of alternative fuels (LCA) BioDiesel LPG CNG Global effect (C0 2 ) Local Emissions (NOx, HC, PM) Source: Miljöfaktabok för bränslen, IVL Svenska miljöinstitutet 2001 Diesel Petrol Ethano l Electric Electric hybrid Fuel Cell Biogas
Biogas potentials as % of all vehicle fuel ( conventional organic waste, use of currently set-aside land, assumed 8 % of annual forest growth)
A summary of EU-15 biogas potential (Eurostat base data, plus certain assumptions)