1 Fish Passage in Culverts; Dealing with the Multidisciplinary Framework of Biological and Engineering Information

Introduction Goal: The overall outcome of this workshop is to create a common understanding of Alberta Transportation’s (TRANS’) process for the installation of culverts at fish bearing watercourses and describe how fish passage is achieved. 2

This will provide a standard practice that will lead to a streamlined approach for designing and installing culverts along provincial highways in Alberta. 3

Fish passage will no longer be a problem at culvert structures! 4

Note: Fish passage can be achieved in different ways but this is the recommended approach for TRANS. 5

Background Past discussions on fish passage between biologist and engineers have usually gone from: 6

………this type of ‘stimulating discussion’: 7 Dana Des

…….to this. 8

Or past perceptions have influenced things 9

10 Where’s the water? Not only on the fisheries side of things…

But on the regulatory side too. 11

Although that is changing. 12

13 Despite perceptions neither engineers or biologist are right; neither profession is wrong and all the fish really care about is getting from point A to point B. Therefore the solution is engineers + biologists = fish passage.

Historically, culverts have been a blockage to fish passage in many instances. ‘Older style’ culverts, with no embedment below the streambed, were designed to convey water but did not necessarily allow for fish passage. 14

Oooops! 15

16 Kokanee Trying Migrate. Photo Credit: Clayton Nalder (American Fisheries Society 2012)

A really big jump 17

18 Houston, we have a problem.

19 As can be seen some of the structures weren’t particularly good at passing water, providing drainage, and did not allow fish passage. Fortunately we are in a different world these days.

20 Advances in hydraulic design and an increased understanding of fish passage requirements in recent years has resulted in fish friendly culverts being installed.

21 Embedded Culvert

22 However, progress in the acceptance of culverts can pass fish has been limited by the lack of understanding between biologists and engineers of both hydraulic design and fish passage requirements.

23 For the most part, training is lacking for engineers in fish physiology and behavior etc., and training is lacking for biologists in hydraulics etc. Often terminology is not ‘equivalent’ between the two disciplines.

Terminology Terminology is a large problem – throughout todays presentations you will hear both engineering and biological terms. 24

For example if the common biological term ‘ordinary high water mark’ is used this really means nothing to an engineer. Likewise ‘bank full’ in hydrotechnical terms does not mean same thing to a biologist as it would to and engineer. 25

Stream Characteristics/Terminology Utilized in the Design Process

Biologist’s view 27 Success!

Engineer’s View 28 Success!

What will be covered today: 29 Brief Background on the history of culverts (done) Culvert Basics Information on fish swimming basics and biology

How culvert structures are designed and meet fish passage requirements Mixing engineering and biology Regulatory requirements Risk Management Where we are going from here 30

Lessons already learned and to keep in mind: Biologists and engineers can work together Everybody needs a basic understanding of fish passage and hydraulics Cross-change of information is vital Have fun! 31