Lisa Wald USGS Pasadena U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101 (EQ101)

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Presentation transcript:

Lisa Wald USGS Pasadena U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Earthquakes 101 (EQ101)

Global Distribution of Earthquakes

Lisa Wald USGS Pasadena U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Plate Tectonics

Plate Boundaries

Watch southern california video

Three Types of Faults Strike-Slip Thrust Normal

Normal Fault Example Dixie Valley-Fairview Peaks, Nevada earthquake December 16, 1954

Thrust Fault Example

Strike-slip Fault Example

1906 San Francisco Earthquake

Landers, CA 1992 Strike-slip Fault Example

Where is Haiti?

Total Slip in the M7.3 Landers Earthquake Rupture on a Fault

Seismic Waves

Earthquake Magnitude M5 M6 M7

Earthquake Location

Bigger Faults Make Bigger Earthquakes

Bigger Earthquakes Last a Longer Time

What Controls the Level of Shaking? Magnitude –More energy released Distance –Shaking decays with distance Local soils –amplify the shaking

Is there such a thing as “Earthquake Weather”???

Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking Northridge, CA 1994

Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking Northridge, CA 1994

Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking KGO-TV News ABC-7 Loma Prieta, CA 1989

Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking Kobe, Japan 1995

Earthquake Effects - Ground Shaking Kobe, Japan 1995

Earthquake Effects - Surface Faulting Landers, CA 1992

Earthquake Effects - Liquefaction Source: National Geophysical Data Center Niigata, Japan 1964

Earthquake Effects - Landslides Turnagain Heights, Alaska,1964 (upper left inset); Santa Cruz Mtns, California, 1989 Source: National Geophysical Data Center

Earthquake Effects - Fires KGO-TV News ABC-7 Loma Prieta, CA 1989

Earthquake Effects - Tsunamis Photograph Credit: Henry Helbush. Source: National Geophysical Data Center 1957 Aleutian Tsunami

The San Andreas Fault

Pacific-North American Plate Boundary

Will California eventually fall into the ocean???

Faults of Southern California Source: SCEC Data Center

Shaking Hazard in Southern California

Faults in Our Local Area - Arcadia Source: SCEC Data Center 55 KM long Last ruptured in last 10,000 YEARS SLIP RATE: between 0.36 and 4 mm/yr PROBABLE MAGNITUDES: MW (?) Dips to the north THRUST fault Sierra Madre Fault Zone

Faults in Our Local Area - Arcadia Source: SCEC Data Center 26 KM long Last ruptured in last 10,000 YEARS SLIP RATE: between 0.10 and 0.22 mm/yr PROBABLE MAGNITUDES: MW Dips to the north STRIKE-SLIP fault Raymond Fault At least eight surface-rupturing events have occurred along this fault in the last 36,000 years

Faults in Our Local Area - Arcadia Source: SCEC Data Center 18 KM long Last ruptured in last 1.6 million YEARS SLIP RATE: ??? PROBABLE MAGNITUDES: ??? Dips to the north THRUST fault Clamshell-Sawpit Canyon fault

Real-time Earthquake Information

ShakeMaps

Did You Feel It? Community Internet Intensity Maps

U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey USGS Earthquake Hazards Program Where to go for more information:

Faults in Our Local Area - La Canada Source: SCEC Data Center LENGTH: the zone is about 55 km long; total length of main fault segments is about 75 km, with each segment measuring roughly 15 km long MOST RECENT SURFACE RUPTURE: Holocene, 10,000 years to present SLIP RATE: between 0.36 and 4 mm/yr INTERVAL BETWEEN SURFACE RUPTURES: several thousand years (?) PROBABLE MAGNITUDES: MW (?) OTHER NOTES: This fault zone dips to the north. TYPE OF FAULTING: reverse

 Depth Into the earth Surface of the earth Distance along the fault plane 100 km (60 miles) Slip on an earthquake fault START

Slip on an earthquake fault Second 2.0

Slip on an earthquake fault Second 4.0

Slip on an earthquake fault Second 6.0

Slip on an earthquake fault Second 8.0

Slip on an earthquake fault Second 10.0

Slip on an earthquake fault Second 12.0

Slip on an earthquake fault Second 14.0

Slip on an earthquake fault Second 16.0

Slip on an earthquake fault Second 18.0

Slip on an earthquake fault Second 20.0

Slip on an earthquake fault Second 22.0

Slip on an earthquake fault Second 24.0