Italian Renaissance Art

The Italian Renaissance The Renaissance began in Italy for two main reasons: 1.Its location in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea made it the main point of commerce between Europe and the Middle East following the Crusades Sea made it the main point of commerce between Europe and the Middle East following the Crusades 2. The presence of a number of wealthy families rich from banking and trade created a class of people from banking and trade created a class of people with the time, money, and interest to patronize the with the time, money, and interest to patronize the arts. arts.

Madonna and Child c Early paintings such as this lacked the perspective and realism that would become more prevalent in the Renaissance. Giotto di Bondone

Stigmatization of St. Francis c The beginning of perspective is evident in this early work.

Donatello Italian sculptor born in Florence Italian sculptor born in Florence One of the first sculptors since classical times to produce works depicting human forms in a individualistic, confident manner One of the first sculptors since classical times to produce works depicting human forms in a individualistic, confident manner

David 1409

David 1430

Madonna with Child 1448

Masaccio influenced by painter Giotto di Bondone and sculptors Brunelleschi and Donatello influenced by painter Giotto di Bondone and sculptors Brunelleschi and Donatello developed method of applying depth and three-dimensionality that pioneered a new sense of realism to painting developed method of applying depth and three-dimensionality that pioneered a new sense of realism to painting

The Crucifixion 1426

Profile of a Young Man 1425

Madonna with Child and Angels 1426

Sandro Botticelli Florence Italian Renaissance artist Italian Renaissance artist Worked for wealthy Italian families, including the Medici banking family Worked for wealthy Italian families, including the Medici banking family Most famous portrait – Guilano de Medici Most famous portrait – Guilano de Medici Also painted religion subjects, especially panels of the Madonna, such as the Madonna of the Magnificat, Madonna of the Pomegranate, Coronation of the Virgin, and Madonna and Child with Two Saints. Also painted religion subjects, especially panels of the Madonna, such as the Madonna of the Magnificat, Madonna of the Pomegranate, Coronation of the Virgin, and Madonna and Child with Two Saints.

Giuliano de Medici 1478

Venus and Mars The topic of this painting reflects the interest in classical themes.

Madonna of the Magnificat

Madonna of the Pomegranate

The Madonna and Child with an Angel

Lamentation Over the Dead Christ

The Annunciation

La Primavera, “Allegory of Spring”

Lamentation over the Dead Christ Andrea Mantegna

Leonardo da Vinci Florence The epitome of the ideal Renaissance man, da Vinci excelled as a painter, sculptor, inventor, architect, and engineer. The epitome of the ideal Renaissance man, da Vinci excelled as a painter, sculptor, inventor, architect, and engineer.

Drawings of da Vinci Embryo Study of a woman’s hand

Vitruvian Man, Study of proportions

Siege defenses

Madonna Litta

Virgin of the Rocks Leonardo da Vinci was particularly noted for his striking use of light and dark contrasts evident in this and the following paintings.

Mona Lisa

Lady with an ermine

The Last Supper

The Madonna of the Carnation

Michelangelo A painter, sculptor, and architect, he also epitomized the ideal Renaissance man. A painter, sculptor, and architect, he also epitomized the ideal Renaissance man. Commissioned by the di Medici family to help beautify Florence Commissioned by the di Medici family to help beautify Florence Commissioned by Pope Julius II to work on the Sistine Chapel and his personal tomb Commissioned by Pope Julius II to work on the Sistine Chapel and his personal tomb

The Holy Family with Infant St. John the Baptist

The Last Judgement from the Sistine Chapel

Tomb of Pope Julius II Rome

David

Pieta

Tomb of Lorenzo de Medici

Lorenzo de Medici detail from tomb

Raphael Best known for his Madonnas and his large figure compositions in the Vatican in Rome Best known for his Madonnas and his large figure compositions in the Vatican in Rome

Madonna dell Granduca c. 1505

The Small Cowper Madonna c. 1505

Bindo Altoviti

The Entombment

The Alba Madonna c. 1511

Pope Leo X with 2 Cardinals c

Assumption of the Virgin 1518

Titian Venice (1487 – 1576) Studied with both Gentile Bellini and Giovanni Bellini Studied with both Gentile Bellini and Giovanni Bellini Noted for his skill at depicting human emotion and movement Noted for his skill at depicting human emotion and movement

Flora c. 1515

Bachus and Ariadre 1524

The Entombment c. 1525

Christ Crowned with Thorns c. 1542

Portrait of Empress Isabella of Spain 1548

Northern Renaissance Art

Jan van Eyck Flemish painter who perfected the newly developed technique of oil painting. Flemish painter who perfected the newly developed technique of oil painting. His naturalistic panel paintings, mostly portraits and religious subjects, made extensive use of disguised religious symbols. His naturalistic panel paintings, mostly portraits and religious subjects, made extensive use of disguised religious symbols. His masterpiece is the alterpiece in the cathedral at Ghent, the Adoration of the Lamb (1432) His masterpiece is the alterpiece in the cathedral at Ghent, the Adoration of the Lamb (1432)

Adoration of the Lamb

The Arnolfini Marriage 1434

Close-up of the convex mirror

Man in a Red Turban 1433

Virgin and Child with Saints and Donor

Jerome Bosch Flemish painter who used religious themes in combination with grotesque fantasies, colorful imagery, and peasant folk legends. Flemish painter who used religious themes in combination with grotesque fantasies, colorful imagery, and peasant folk legends. Many paintings reflect the confusion and anguish often associated with the Middle Ages. Many paintings reflect the confusion and anguish often associated with the Middle Ages.

The Extraction of the Stone of Madness Removing "stones" from the head was a fairly common medieval operation; however, for some reason Bosch has painted a flower as the object being removed.

Paradise and Hell

Christ carrying the cross

Garden of Earthly Delights

Pieter Bruegel Known as Pieter Bruegel the Elder to distinguish him from his elder son Known as Pieter Bruegel the Elder to distinguish him from his elder son Generally considered the greatest Flemish painter of the 16th century. Generally considered the greatest Flemish painter of the 16th century. His paintings, including his landscapes and scenes of peasant life, stress the absurd and vulgar, yet are full of zest and fine detail. They also expose human weaknesses and follies. His paintings, including his landscapes and scenes of peasant life, stress the absurd and vulgar, yet are full of zest and fine detail. They also expose human weaknesses and follies. He was sometimes called the "peasant Bruegel" from such works as Peasant Wedding Feast He was sometimes called the "peasant Bruegel" from such works as Peasant Wedding Feast

Peasant Wedding 1568

Hunters in the Snow

The Harvesters

The Peasant Dance

The Adoration of Kings 1564

The Beggars 1568

Erasmus 1469? His best known work is the Praise of folly that he wrote on his way back from Italy, a pamphlet mainly directed against the behavior of leading classes and church dignitaries.

Thomas More Sir Thomas More (later canonized St. Thomas More) is famous for his book Utopia (1515) and for his martyrdom. As Chancellor to Henry VIII he refused to sanction Henry's divorce of Queen Catherine. More was imprisoned, tried and executed.

New Monarchs Sought to centralize their power and demanded strict obedience and loyalty of their subjects. Sought to centralize their power and demanded strict obedience and loyalty of their subjects. Emphasized the notion of “nation” and saw themselves as the symbol of such unity and strength Emphasized the notion of “nation” and saw themselves as the symbol of such unity and strength

New Monarchs Louis XI – (r ) Laid the foundation for royal absolutism in France Louis XI – (r ) Laid the foundation for royal absolutism in France Henry VII – (r ) rebuilt the monarchy of England following the War of the Roses Henry VII – (r ) rebuilt the monarchy of England following the War of the Roses Ferdinand and Isabella – (r ) – strengthened royal authority in Spain by demanding religious unity Ferdinand and Isabella – (r ) – strengthened royal authority in Spain by demanding religious unity

The End