LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT Explain the four goals of progressivism. Summarize progressive efforts to clean up government. Identify progressive efforts to reform state government, protect workers, and reform elections.

A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

The Origins of Progressivism Section 1 The Origins of Progressivism Political, economic, and social change in late 19th century America leads to broad progressive reforms. NEXT

The Origins of Progressivism 1 SECTION The Origins of Progressivism Four Goals of Progressivism Concerns of Progressives Early 1900s, middle-class reformers address problems of 1890s Different reform efforts collectively called progressive movement Reformers aim to restore economic opportunity, correct injustice by: - protecting social welfare, promoting moral improvement - creating economic reform, fostering efficiency Continued . . . NEXT

ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM Chapter 9 Section 1 ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM As America entered into the 20th century, middle class reformers addressed many social problems Work conditions, rights for women and children, economic reform, environmental issues and social welfare were a few of these issues

FOUR GOALS OF REFORMERS 1) Protect Social Welfare 2) Promote Moral Improvement 3) Create Economic Reform 4) Foster Efficiency

Protecting Social Welfare 1 SECTION continued Four Goals of Progressivism Protecting Social Welfare • Social Gospel, settlement houses inspire other reform groups • Florence Kelley, political activist, advocate for women, children - helps pass law prohibiting child labor, limiting women’s hours Continued . . . NEXT

1.PROTECT SOCIAL WELFARE Industrialization in the late 19th century was largely unregulated Employers felt little responsibility toward their workers As a result Settlement homes and churches served the community Also the YMCA (Young Men Christian’s Association) and Salvation Army took on service roles

Guided Reading: 1. Social welfare reform movement the YMCA; Social Reforms People and Groups Involved Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc.) 1. Social welfare reform movement the YMCA; the Salvation Army; settlement houses; Florence Kelley a variety of public services; the Illinois Factory Act

Promoting Moral Improvement 1 SECTION continued Four Goals of Progressivism Promoting Moral Improvement • Some feel poor should uplift selves by improving own behavior • Prohibition—banning of alcoholic drinks • Woman’s Christian Temperance Union spearheads prohibition crusade Continued . . . NEXT

2. PROMOTE MORAL DEVELOPMENT Some reformers felt that the answer to societies problems was personal behavior They proposed such reforms as prohibition Groups wishing to ban alcohol included the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

Chapter 9:1 The Origins of Progressivism A – Why did the prohibition movement appeal to so many women? Many women believed this was an area in which they could make a difference in society.

Guided Reading: 2. Moral reform movement the WCTU; Frances Willard; Social Reforms People and Groups Involved Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc.) 2. Moral reform movement the WCTU; Frances Willard; the Anti-Saloon League prohibition adopted by many town and state governments

Creating Economic Reform 1 SECTION continued Four Goals of Progressivism Creating Economic Reform • 1893 panic prompts doubts about capitalism; many become socialists • Muckrakers—journalists who expose corruption in politics, business NEXT

3. CREATE ECONOMIC REFORM The Panic of 1893 prompted some Americans to question the capitalist economic system As a result some workers embraced socialism Eugene Debs organized the American Socialist Party in 1901 Debs encouraged workers to reject American Capitalism

MUCKRAKERS CRITICIZE BIG BUSINESS Though most progressives did not embrace socialism, many writers saw the truth in Debs’ criticism Journalists known as “Muckrakers” exposed corruption in business Ida Tarbell exposed Standard Oil Company’s cut-throat methods of eliminating competition Ida Tarbell

B – What contribution did muckrakers make to the reform movement? Muckrakers exposed the dangers and corruption of industrial life to the public.

Guided Reading: 3. Economic reform movement Eugene V. Debs; Social Reforms People and Groups Involved Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc.) 3. Economic reform movement Eugene V. Debs; American Socialist Party; muckrakers; Ida M. Tarbell exposure of corruption in industry

1 SECTION continued Four Goals of Progressivism Fostering Efficiency • Many use experts, science to make society, workplace more efficient • Louis D. Brandeis uses social scientists’ data in trial • Scientific management—time and motion studies applied to workplace • Assembly lines speed up production, make people work like machines - cause high worker turnover NEXT

4. FOSTERING EFFICIENCY Many Progressive leaders put their faith in scientific principles to make society better In Industry, Frederick Taylor began using time & motion studies to improve factory efficiency Taylorism became an Industry fad as factories sought to complete each task quickly

C – Contrast the goals of scientific management with other progressive reforms. Scientific management reformers worked to improve efficiency and productivity, while other reformers aimed at improving behavior or addressing economic inequality.

Guided Reading: 4. Movement for industrial efficiency Social Reforms People and Groups Involved Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc.) 4. Movement for industrial efficiency Frederick Winslow Taylor; Ford Motor Co.; Henry Ford Ford Assembly line; the "'Five Dollar Day"

Cleaning Up Local Government 1 SECTION Cleaning Up Local Government Reforming Local Government Reformers try to make government efficient, responsive to voters Some cities adopt government by commission of experts Many use council-manager: people elect council that appoints manager NEXT

CLEANING UP LOCAL GOVERNMENT Efforts at reforming local government stemmed from the desire to make government more efficient and responsive to citizens Some believe it also was meant to limit immigrants influence in local governments

Cleaning Up Local Government 1 SECTION Cleaning Up Local Government Reform Mayors Hazen Pingree of Detroit tackles taxes, transit fares, corruption Socialist Tom Johnson of Cleveland fights corrupt utility companies NEXT

D – How did city government change during the Progressive Era? The commission system and council-manager system were introduced; Some reform mayors made citizens more active in managing cities.

Reform at the State Level 1 SECTION Reform at the State Level Reform Governors • Governors push states to pass laws to regulate large businesses • Robert M. La Follette is 3-term governor, then senator of Wisconsin - attacks big business Continued . . . NEXT

REGULATING BIG BUSINESS Under the progressive Republican leadership of Robert La Follette of Wisconsin led the way in regulating big business Robert La Follette

Reform at the State Level 1 SECTION Reform at the State Level Protecting Working Children • Child workers get lower wages, small hands handle small parts better - families need children’s wages • National Child Labor Committee gathers evidence of harsh conditions • Labor unions argue children’s wages lower all wages • Groups press government to ban child labor, cut hours Continued . . . NEXT

PROTECTING WORKING CHILDREN As the number of child workers rose, reformers worked to end child labor Children were more prone to accidents caused by fatigue Nearly every state limited or banned child labor by 1918

E – Why did the reformers seek to end child labor? Businesses exploited children, paying them low wages and forcing them to work long hours in dangerous conditions.

Guided Reading: 5. Movement to protect workers Social Reforms People and Groups Involved Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc.) 5. Movement to protect workers National Child Labor Committee; Louis Brandeis; Florence Kelley; Josephine Goldmark · Keating-Owen Act; state child-labor laws; Muller v. Oregon; Bunting v. Oregon; workers' compensation laws

Public Utilities

Guided Reading: Political Reforms People and Groups Involved Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc.) 6. Movement to reform local government Hazen Pingree; Tom Johnson commission and council­ manager forms of government adopted; the property tax, public ownership of utilities, and other economic reforms

Guided Reading: Political Reforms People and Groups Involved Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc.) 7. State reform of big business Robert M. La Folletto, Charles B. Aycock, James Hogg Wisconsin laws regulating railroads

Efforts to Limit Working Hours 1 SECTION continued Reform at the State Level Efforts to Limit Working Hours Muller v. Oregon—Court upholds limiting women to 10-hour workday Bunting v. Oregon—upholds 10-hour workday for men Reformers win workers’ compensation for families of injured, killed Continued . . . NEXT

EFFORTS TO LIMIT HOURS The Supreme Court and the states enacted or strengthened laws reducing women’s hours of work The Illinois Factory Act eliminated Child Labor and reduced the number of hours women could work Progressives also succeeded in winning worker’s compensation to aid families of injured workers

1 SECTION continued Reform at the State Level Reforming Elections • Oregon adopts secret ballot, initiative, referendum, recall • Initiative—bill proposed by people, not lawmakers, put on ballots • Referendum—voters, not legislature, decide if initiative becomes law • Recall—voters remove elected official through early election • Primaries allow voters, not party machines, to choose candidates NEXT

ELECTION REFORM Citizens fought for, and won, such measures as secret ballots, referendum votes, and the recall recall referendum

ELECTION REFORM Citizens could petition and get initiatives on the ballot In 1899, Minnesota passed the first statewide primary system

Direct Election of Senators 1 SECTION continued Reform at the State Level Direct Election of Senators • Seventeenth Amendment permits popular election of senators NEXT

DIRECT ELECTION OF SENATORS Before 1913, each state’s legislature had chosen its own U.S. senators To force senators to be more responsive to the public, progressives pushed for the popular election of senators As a result, Congress passed the 17th Amendment (1913)

F – Summarize the impact of the direct election of senators? Members of the Senate were no longer appointed by state legislatures, over whom special interest had influence. Instead Senators were elected by popular vote.

Guided Reading: Political Reforms People and Groups Involved Successes (laws, legal decisions, etc.) 8. Movement for election reform William S. U'Ren States adopted: secret ballot, initiative, referendum, recall, and direct primary; Passed Seventeenth Amendment