Graduate Engineer Lunch & Learn Edmonton, 2011 The Evolution of FTTH Technology Jonathan Hnit, P.Eng August 25 th, 2011

2 Outline Fibre Optics Why FTTH? GPON Overview FTTH Evolution NG-PON1 (10G) NG-PON2 (40G & beyond)

3 Fibre Optics

4 Optical Data Transmission Optical: relating to light Laser can be used to transmit a beam of light. Optical receiver can detect a beam of light. By pointing a laser at an optical receiver, I can transmit a signal to it.

5 ReceiverTransmitter Optical Transceivers Transceiver

6 Digital Signaling Two states: Laser OFF =“0” Laser ON =“1” Each “1” or “0” in a transmission is called a bit Bits are the building blocks for larger pieces of information Letter ‘A’ = “ ” Letter ‘B’ = “ ”

7 Data Rates Bandwidth: the amount of data we can transmit in a given time period. BW is measured in bps (bits per second) Low Bandwidth High Bandwidth vs

8 Sample Data Rates Data SignalData RateBits Per Second Time required to count that high Voice (phone)64 Kbps64,00018 hours Music (CD Quality)320 Kbps320,00089 hours SD TV2.2 Mbps2,200,00025 days HD TV5.6 Mbps5,600,00065 days Internet Connection15.0 Mbps15,000, days GPON port2.5 Gbps2,500,000,00079 years Fibre uplink10.0 Gbps10,000,000, years Note: K = Kilo = Thousand = 1000x bps M = Mega = Million = 1,000,000x bps G = Giga = Billion = 1,000,000,000x bps

9 Fibre Optic Cable Glass tube capable of bending light Can direct a laser beam through a fibre optic cable to a receiver Fibre has a max bending radius, if you bend it too far, the light escapes out the sides

10 Fibre Optic Transmission System

11 Why FTTH?

12 Access Network Network to deliver services (TV, phone, internet) from a Central Office to our customers Central Office customer DSL modem DSLAM   Copper

13 Limits of Copper Bandwidth Limitations ADSL2+15Mbps VDSL240 Mbps VDSL2 with bonding70Mbps VDSL2 with bonding & vectoring100Mbps Distance Limitations ADSL2+1400m from CO VDSL2600m from CO Maintenance Copper cable lasts ~20 years Requires replacement

14 Ongoing Bandwidth Drivers 10Kb 100Kb 1Mb 10Mb 100Mb Bandwidth Usage Projections 1Gb Historical BW growth is ~1.4x per year

15 FTTH – Fibre to the Home Uses fibre instead of copper to deliver services to the home Higher Bandwidths 2.5Gbps shared by 32 customers (72+ Mbps) Longer Reach 20km between CO and customer’s home

16 GPON – Gigabit Passive Optical Network Breakdown of key-words in GPON: Gigabit – Dealing with high Bandwidths (2.5Gbps per PON port) Passive – No power required between Central Office and the customer’s home Optical – Data transmitted using light Network – Access network between the Central Office and the customer’s home

17 GPON – Gigabit Passive Optical Network Central Office customer DSL modem DSLAM Drop Copper Feeder Copper OLT ONT Splitter (1:32) Feeder Fibre Drop Fibre Current: Electrical signals over copper GPON: Optical signals over fibre

18 GPON Overview

19 Bi-Directional Transmission Splitter (1:32) ONT customer ONT customer OLT Central Office OLT transmits downstream on a single feeder fibre 1490nm ONT transmits upstream on the same fibre 1310nm Drop Fibre Feeder Fibre

20 OLT – Optical Line Terminal

21 Splitter

22 Optical Network Terminal Optical to Electrical conversion Integrated ATA for voice service 8 hour battery backup via UPS 4x GE ports 2x POTS ports UPS Power 1x PON port

23 Downstream Transmission - Broadcast Signal is split 32 ways at the splitter Each ONT receives the exact same frames ONT discards the frames that are not addressed to it OLT uses continuous mode optics ONT Customer A ONT Customer B OLT Central Office BA B A BA B AB A Splitter (1:32)

24 Upstream Transmission - TDMA If both ONTs transmit at the same time, their signals interfere with each other when they reach the splitter… Splitter (1:32) ONT Customer A ONT Customer B OLT Central Office B A A B A B

25 Upstream Transmission - TDMA ONT Customer A ONT Customer B OLT Central Office B A A B A B ONTs use TDMA to take turns transmitting upstream OLT broadcasts a BWmap to all ONTs BWmap assigns each ONT a different timeslot in which to transmit ONT use burst mode optics Splitter (1:32)

26 PON Evolution

27 PON Standards Roadmap GPON EPON 2.5 Gbps 1.0 Gbps 10 Gbps 40+ Gbps XG-PON 10G-EPON NG-PON Co-existence NG-PON2 WDM PON ? 40G TDM PON ? Component R&D Disruptive

28 XG-PON Approved by ITU-T in early Gbps 1577nm 2.5Gbps 1270nm Co-existence with GPON Split ratio of up to 1:256 Successful field trials of XG-PON completed in 2010 XG-PON demo systems available today XG-PON commercial systems expected early 2012

29 XG-PON Addition OLT ONU customer ONU customer Feeder Fibre Drop Fibre Splitter (1:32) WDM1r XG- PON XG- ONU customer Drop Fibre

30 NG-PON2 – TWDM-PON Selected OLT Central Office Feeder Fibre ONU - BlueONU - Red AWG TR-Blue TR-Red AWG ONU - BlueONU - Red Splitter

31 ONU Evolution SimpleComplex Mini ONUsIntegrated RG/ONUs

32 Questions?