1 Eric Norman Nuclear Engineering Dept. UC Berkeley and LBNL

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Chapter 11 Radioactive Elements.

Advertisements

xxx xxxxxx xxx xxx.

Glencoe: Chapter 19 Section 1 “part 1” Pages

Nuclear Energy Nuclear Reactions Nuclear Fission / Nuclear Fusion Harnessing the Power of the Nucleus.

Brief History of Nuclear Physics 1896-Henri Becquerel ( ) discovered radioactivity 1911-Ernest Rutherford ( ), Hanz Geiger ( )

4 Basic Forces of Nature strong force = very strong, but very short-ranged. It acts only over ranges of order centimeters and is responsible for.

Nucleus. Nuclear Notation  The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons. Protons: Z (atomic number) Neutrons: N Nucleons: A = Z + N (atomic mass) Full.

Atomic Mass & Number Isotopes The Periodic Table.

Aim: How can we explain Einstein’s energy-mass relationship? Do Now: In the nucleus of any atom, there exists protons that are tightly packed together.

Universal Mass Unit The universal mass unit is used to describe the mass of an atom as 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 atom. This is used because when you.

Nuclear Physics Developed by Mr. D. Patterson.

Elements  There are 118 elements  An element is made of 1 type of atom.  Elements have different properties because their atoms are different  Elements.

UNIT FOUR: Matter and its Changes  Chapter 12 Atoms and the Periodic Table  Chapter 13 Compounds  Chapter 14 Changes in Matter  Chapter 15 Chemical.

© JP 1  alpha e-e-  beta  gamma Marie Curie Antoine-Henri Becquerel (1852 – 1908) α,  and  RADIATION.

Objectives To learn the types of radioactive decay

Nuclear Physics Physics 12. Protons, Neutrons and Electrons  The atom is composed of three subatomic particles: Particle Charge (in C) Symbol Mass (in.

Isotopes Mass Defect E = mc2

1 Nuclear and Particle Physics. 2 Nuclear Physics Back to Rutherford and his discovery of the nucleus Also coined the term “proton” in 1920, and described.

Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Chemistry The study of nuclear reactions and their use in chemistry.

Section 10–4: Fission and Fusion

Monday, May 5, 2008 Collect Test Make-Up Packets Collect Test Make-Up Packets Pass back Tests Pass back Tests Begin Chapter 19 Begin Chapter 19 Homework.

Nuclear Energy and Mass Defect Lesson 5. Objectives   use the law of conservation of charge and mass number to predict the particles emitted by a nucleus.

Atom and Nucleus. Radioactivity. Nuclear Energy.

Chapter 25 – Nuclear Changes

Nuclear Chemistry. Two main forces in nucleus  Strong nuclear force—all nuclear particles attract each other  Electric forces—protons repulse each other.

Sc Standards PS 2.2 Illustrate the fact that the atoms of elements exist as stable or unstable isotopes.

Atomic Model Scientists Nuclear Chem ParticlesPotpourri Final.

Radioactivity. Henri Becquerel In 1896, Becquerel observed that uranium compounds emitted a penetrating radiation that passed through paper and affected.

Element Box page 7 Si Silicon 14 Atomic number Chemical Symbol

Nuclear Reactions.

NUCLEAR MASS AND ENERGY Physics 12. Clip of the day:  Minutephysics…on Einstein and uncertainty principle 

Q test remains programmed for this Friday –All problems that have been handed in are graded and are in your folder. –The Q practice test is on the front.

20 th Century Mindset - Physics Kagan Ch. 24. What are they talking about? O Ernst Mach, The Science of Mechanics, 1883 O Henri Poincare O Hans Vaihinger,

Chapter 9 Nuclear Chemistry. What is nuclear chemistry? Nuclear chemistry is all about what happens in the nucleus of an atom. In nuclear chemistry, neutrons.

Rutherford Experiment & Isotopes Mr. Rana 9/21/12.

Lecture 26 Atomic Structure and Radioactivity Chapter 29.1  29.4 Outline Properties of the Atomic Nucleus Binding Energy Radioactivity and Radioactive.

Radioactivity.  Total mass of nucleus is always less than the sum of its protons and neutrons  Compare the mass of He-4 to that of its nucleus - mass.

P2 Revision Booklet Name: Class:.

Radioactive Decay.

Section 10–3: Artificial Transmutation

Radioactive Material Review. What determines the atoms identity?

History of the Atom. Democritus of Abdera Democritus: BCE Greek mathematician and philosopher Co-author (with Leucippus) of the idea that all.

Atomic Model Scientists Nuclear Chem ParticlesPotpourri Final.

1 Chemistry for Engineering Logistics THE STRUCTURE OF THE ATOM 1. General Information 2. Sub-atomic Particles 3. Rutherford-Bohr Model of the Atom Assoc.

Introduction to the Periodic Table Atomic Number ● Symbol ● Atomic Weight Element ● Compound ● Mixture.

ATOMS Chapter Fourteen: Atoms  14.1 The Structure of the Atom  14.2 Electrons.

Understanding Atoms Atoms = smallest parts of matter Atoms have 3 main parts Protons (positive charge) Neutrons (no charge) Electrons (negative charge)

Notes 42 - Topic 7 - Atomic and Nuclear Physics Artificial.

Atoms, Elements, & Compounds. Elements Element --- any substance that can’t be broken down into simpler substances. Example of an element --- Oxygen,

RADIOACTIVITY REVIEW. REVIEW 1. Review what the structure of the atom is, particularly the nucleus. Protons (+) and neutrons (o) in the nucleus Electrons.

II. The Nucleus of the Atom. What makes up the nucleus of an atom? A. Compostion (Nucleons) 1. Protons a. Mass universal mass units b. Indicated.

{ Atom and Isotope Review Physical Science. An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is the atomic mass?

Wake-up. Parts of the Atom … from Discovery to Reality.

Law of Physics chapter 18 A moving charge looses energy = electron would eventually be pulled into the nucleus = Rutherford atom would be unstable.

Fission and Fusion Physics 12 Adv. Nuclear Particles As we discussed, the nuclear particles are composed of quarks; the individual particles are the result.

Atomic Theorists The ‘Who’s Who’ of the atomic world.

Ch 21: Nuclear Chemistry. Radioactivity Wilhelm Roentgen made a big discovery in He found that invisible rays were emitted when electrons bombarded.

How small is an atom?  An Atom is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance.  Atoms are made of three.

14.1 Structure of the Atom  In order to understand atoms, we need to understand the idea of electric charge.  We know of two different kinds of electric.

Mass of constituent parts of the nucleus:

RADIOACTIVITY REVIEW.

Nuclear Chemistry 7.5.

7.1 Atomic Theory and Radioactive Decay

UNIT 15: NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY

Radioactivity Crash Course Radioactive

STRUCTURE OF ATOM AND NUCLEUS

From unstable to stable

Unstable Nuclei & Radioactive Decay

Radioactivity Changes in the Nucleus.

3. NUCLEAR FORCE holds protons together in a nucleus.

Presentation transcript:

1 Eric Norman Nuclear Engineering Dept. UC Berkeley and LBNL

2 The Four Elements Earth Air FireWater

3

4 The Beginning of Nuclear Science Scientists in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s made discoveries which would change the course of science and medicine. Henri Becquerel Marie and Pierre Curie

5 Atomic and Nuclear Stucture l Atom - smallest unit of a chemical element F Size on the order of cm (1 Angstrom) F Contains Z electrons (Q e = -1e, m e = MeV/c 2 ) – e = 1.602x Coulomb – and n Nucleus – F Size on the order of cm (1 Fermi ) F Contains more than 99.9% of the mass of the atom F Made of Z protons and N neutrons F Proton (Q p = +1e, m p = MeV/c 2 ) F Neutron (Q n = 0, m n = MeV/c 2 ) F A = Atomic mass = Z + N F Held together by strong nuclear force Z X N where X = chemical symbol A

6 Structure of the Nucleus

7 Radioactivity Ernest Rutherford determined there were 3 kinds of radioactivity

8 Nuclear Reactions

9 E = mc 2  m = E/c 2 Typical nuclear energies are on the order of millions of electron volts (MeV) 1 eV = 1.602x joule A Bit of Special Relativity Albert Einstein

10 Relativistic Collisions (RHIC) Medium Energy (JLAB) Low Energy (small accelerators) Nuclear Astrophysics (small accelerators, FRIB)