© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 1 Mammoth Product Training Evaporative Condensing

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 2 EVAPORATIVE CONDENSING What is it?

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 3 Condensers Water Cooled Air Cooled Evap Condensed

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 4 The Power of Evaporation  The Thermodynamic Properties of Water at Saturation  Latent heat of vaporization = 1036 btu/lb H2O  Water changing state from liquid to gas at 100f absorbs 1036 btu/lb

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 5 Evaporative Cooling Vs Evaporative Condensing

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 6 Evaporative Cooling Vs Evaporative Condensing  Both systems use evaporation of water to cool.  Evap cooling --- cools room air.  Evap Condensing ---cools refrigerant gas, no moisture is added to the space.

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 7 EVAPORATIVE CONDENSING How it works.

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 8 How it Works: Water Spray on Condenser Coil

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 9 Why Evaporative Condensing?  20% to 30% less compressor KW consumed than air cooled condensing  Less Air over coil, therefore quieter than air cooled condensing  Less coil required so less space on roof for equipment than air cooled.

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 10 ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook  “In comparison with an air-cooled condenser, an evaporative condenser requires less coil surface and airflow to reject the same heat, or alternatively, greater operating efficiencies can be achieved by operating at a lower condensing temperature”

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 11 ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook  “Also, evaporative condensers typically provide lower condensing temperatures than the cooling tower/water-cooled condenser because the heat and mass transfer steps (between the refrigerant and the cooling water and between the water and ambient air) are more efficiently combined in a single piece of equipment”

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 12 ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook  “Evaporative condensers reduce the water pumping and chemical treatment requirements associated with cooling tower/refrigerant condenser systems”

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 13 ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook  “Evaporative condensers are, therefore, the most compact for a given capacity”

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 14 How It Works  Condensing temperature becomes a function of the ambient wet bulb temp  The wet bulb depression under the dry bulb temperature, typically 15 to 30 degrees, leads to lower condensing temps than with air- cooled condensing  Design condensing temperatures range from 90 to 105 degrees

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 15 Evaporative Condensing ARI - WB = F SCT = 95 to 105 F SET = 45 F

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 16 Corresponding Pressure for R-134A Condensing Temp of 130F = 200psig Corresponding Pressure for R-134A Condensing Temp of 1050 = 125psig Evaporative Condenser Air-cooled Condenser

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 17 Reduced Connected kW Typical 100 Ton Air Cooled Condenser 168 Operating Amps 100 kW Typical 100 Ton Evap Cooled Condenser 136 Operating Amps 76.0 kW Wire Size # 350 MCM Wire Size # 2/0

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 18 Water Consumption  Evaporated water of 1.6 gph/ton  Nominal bleed rate of ½ evaporation rate  Total water consumption of 2.4 gph/ton

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 19 Where Can Evaporative Condensing be Used?  Base design is for 75 degree wet bulb temperatures  Only a few locations have up to a 81 degree design wet bulb  Can be used anywhere cooling towers are used  Appropriately applied everywhere

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 20 Advantages over Air Cooled Packages  Better Acoustics ▼ Because evap condensers move less air than air cooled units they typically are quieter. ▼ In many areas Lot line noise is becoming a real issue.  Greater Compressor Life ▼ Evap Condensing Compressors work at lower pressures compared to Compressors applied to Air Cooled Condensers and therefore should last longer

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 21 Advantages over Air Cooled Packages  Typically a Smaller Footprint ▼ Because evap condensers move less air than air cooled units they typically are smaller.

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 22  Lower amp draw ▼ With lower amperage required, evap condensing can be used for applications with limited existing power supply Evap Condensing - Benefits:

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 23 Lower Operating Cost  30-40% less compressor kW consumed than air-cooled condensing  Can compete favorably with centrifugal chilled water systems  Reduced kW is the result of lower condensing temperatures

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 24 Evaporative Condenser Construction Details  Ease of Serviceability  Corrosion Resistance  Long Life  Reliability  Quiet Operation  Pleasing Aesthetics Desirable Design Features:

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 25 Evaporative Condenser Construction  Draw Through Design.  Stainless Steel Housings and Sump.  Prime Copper Tube Bundle.

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 26 To prevent the possibility of water getting into the building, use a continuously welded stainless steel pan under the sump Evaporative Condenser Construction Details

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 27 Utilize a fully welded, double sloped stainless steel sump Evaporative Condenser Construction Details

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 28 Interlocking stainless panels with no fasteners on the inside Evaporative Condenser Construction Details

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 29 Stainless coil supports Evaporative Condenser Construction Details

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 30 Stainless and ABS tube sheets Evaporative Condenser Construction Details

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 31 Evap condenser coil in the sump Evaporative Condenser Construction Details

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 32 Evaporative Condenser Construction Details  Spray Tree Assembly

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 33 Evaporative Condenser Construction Details  Moisture Eliminator

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 34 Evaporative Condenser Construction Details  Direct Drive Condenser Fans  All Stainless Steel Mounting Frame

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 35 Evaporative Condensing

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 36 Condenser Top Hinges Up

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 37 Direct Drive Fans

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 38 Easy Access to Components

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 39 Designed for Serviceability

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 40 All Stainless Steel and Non-Corrosive

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 41 Full Access to Condenser Coil

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 42 Spray Nozzles Visible for Inspection

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 43 Spray Nozzles

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 44 Spray Nozzles

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 45 Pump suction strainer easily removable without tools

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 46  Latest design enhancements – Ultraline evap condensers now available up to 350 tons – Penthouse up to 600 tons in a single sump – Sump basin is double-sloped to be self-draining – All water-side components made of non-corrosive materials - even fan venturis are stainless steel – Condensers fans hinged for easy service access – Basin inlet opens up easily for complete access – Air and water flow increased for even greater efficiency Evaporative Condensing

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 47 Water Treatment

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 48 Water Treatment Objectives  CONTROL and BALANCE of WATER CHEMISTRY  to MINIMIZE: ▼ CORROSION ▼ SCALE ▼ BIOFOULING ▼ USE of WATER  and to MAXIMIZE: ▼ HEAT TRANSFER

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 49 Chemical Treatment  Inhibitor- reduces scale and corrosion  Biocide- alternate between two to prevents biological contamination  Chemical pumps- inject chemical into sump  Controller- monitors water and activates chemical pumps and bleed

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 50 Chemical Water Treatment

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 51 Effective Chemical Water Treatment ¬ Maintain desired cycles of concentration ­ Maintain prescribed biocide feed ® Maintain prescribed scale and corrosion inhibitor feed ¯ Periodically monitor the system In 4 Easy Steps!

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 52 Scale Control  Increase water flow rates  Increase coil surface area  Limit dissolved solids (cycles of concentration)  Scale inhibitors keep minerals in solution  Scale conditioners form transportable clumps instead of hard deposits

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 53 Corrosion Control  Corrosion-proof materials  Limit dissolved solids (cycles of concentration)  Chemical inhibitors interfere with corrosion mechanism  pH

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 54 ASHRAE Systems and Equipment Handbook  “All evaporative condensers should be treated to restrict biological growth”

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 55 Oxidizing Biocides  Chlorine  Bromine  Ozone  Iodine

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 56 Nonoxidizing Biocides  Mehtylene bis(thiocyanate) (MBT)  Decyl thioethanamine (DTEA)  Tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate  Dibromo-nitrilopropionamide (DBNPA)

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 57 Nonchemical Methods  Scale control ▼ Magnetic and Electromagnetic cause minerals to precipitate into particles that can be removed by blowdown or flushing  Biological control ▼ Ozone ▼ UV light

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 58 Solids Management: Sources Sump Debris ♦ Inorganic: dust, dirt, sand ♦ Organic: leaves, pollen, grass ♦ Dolphin “powder”

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 59 Solution: Basin Sweeping  Reduces cleaning routines by 5x  Controls solids build-up in tower basin

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 60 Centrifugal Action Separator

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 61 Separator

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 62 Dedicated Pump

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 63 Purge Filter (Optional)

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 64 HydroBoosters: Pattern of Influence

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 65 HydroBoosters: Installation Issues  Submergence: Only 2-3 inches required

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 66 Sweeper in Mammoth Sump

© 2004 Venmar CES Inc.© 2006 CES Group - Confidential 67 THANK YOU