1 Outlines on Classical Condition, Operant Conditioning & Punishment Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D.

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Presentation transcript:

1 Outlines on Classical Condition, Operant Conditioning & Punishment Carolyn R. Fallahi, Ph. D.

2 Classical Conditioning  Pavlovian Conditioning UCS (food in mouth) UCR NS (bowl) NO SALIVATION NS + UCS (food in mouth) SALIVATION CS (bowl) CR (salivation)

3 John Watson  Little Albert experiment  Issue – biology makes a difference

4 Terms In Classical Conditioning  Extinction  Spontaneous Recovery  Generalization  Discrimination

5 Taste Aversion  A form of Classical Conditioning  Example  Biological predisposition to Classical Conditioning (Watson, 1924)  Unfamiliar taste – delayed illness – avoidance  Familiar taste & unfamiliar shape = delayed illness – no avoidance

6 Application of Pavlov – Pavlov’s Legacy  Advertisement  Politicians  TV weather forecasters!

7 Reinforcement Principles  Positive Reinforcement  Negative Reinforcement Escape conditioning Avoidance Conditioning

8 Punishment – does it work?  The Dangers of Punishment Reinforcing to the punisher Generalized inhibiting effect We dislike the punisher What about teaching?  The criticism trap  The use of aversives  B. F. Skinner’s view

9 Operant Conditoning  Behaviorism  B. F. Skinner ( )  Law of Effect (Thorndike)

10 Operant Conditioning  The Skinner Box  Shaping  Reinforcement  Discrimination  Generalization  Extinction  Spontaneous Recovery

11 Schedules of Reinforcement  Primary reinforcement  Secondary reinforcement  Fixed Ratio  Fixed Interval  Variable Ratio  Variable Interval

Bandura & Violence on T.V.  Modeling  Who are we likely to imitate? 12 graphics8.nytimes.com/.../posts/0115bobo.jpg

Seligman  Learned Helplessness = link to depression?  Learned Optimism 13 Worth Publishers