1 1 Peter Class Schedule

2 THE BELIEVER: HIS SUBMISSION 2:11-3:7 * Submission in the State 2:11-17 Submission in the Household 2:18-25 Submission of Our Savior 2:21-25 Submission in the Family 3:1-7 * adapted from McCalley

3 11 Beloved, I urge you as aliens and strangers to abstain from fleshly lusts which wage war against the soul. 12 Keep your behavior excellent among the Gentiles, so that in the thing in which they slander you as evildoers, they may because of your good deeds, as they observe them, glorify God in the day of visitation. 13 Submit yourselves for the Lord's sake to every human institution, whether to a king as the one in authority, 14 or to governors as sent by him for the punishment of evildoers and the praise of those who do right. 15 For such is the will of God that by doing right you may silence the ignorance of foolish men. 16 Act as free men, and do not use your freedom as a covering for evil, but use it as bondslaves of God. 17 Honor all people, love the brotherhood, fear God, honor the king.

4 Submission in the State 2:11-17 * The Root of Submission v11-12 The Command to Submission v13-14 The Reason for Submission v15-17

5 The Command to Submission 2:13-14 * The Imperative to Submit v13a To Whom do we Submit v13b -14a The Function of Human Government v14b

6 13a Submit yourselves for the Lord's sake to every human institution, parallel passage: Rom 13:1a Every person is to be in subjection to the governing authorities submit yourselves – lit: be subject to this is a command in the passive voice submit – to arrange under; in the passive voice, be subject to “Submit (hupotasso) is the translation of a Greek military term that means to arrange in military fashion under command of a leader.” McCalley see Luke 2:51, Luke 10:17

7 13a Submit yourselves for the Lord's sake to every human institution, to every human institution every – pas – all, every, none excluded institution - ktisis - creation, in a pass. sense, what has been created, the sum total of what has been created Vine 1 Timothy 2:1 First of all, then, I urge that entreaties and prayers, petitions and thanksgivings, be made on behalf of all men, 2 for kings and all who are in authority, so that we may lead a tranquil and quiet life in all godliness and dignity. Titus 3:1 Remind them to be subject to rulers, to authorities, to be obedient, to be ready for every good deed, 2 to malign no one, to be peaceable, gentle, showing every consideration for all men.

8 13a Submit yourselves for the Lord's sake to every human institution, for the Lord's sake - lit: because of the Lord So what is this telling us? “The cause for submission is never found in the human institution. The cause is always found in God” McCalley Matthew 22:19 "Show Me the coin used for the poll-tax." And they brought Him a denarius. 20 And He *said to them, "Whose likeness and inscription is this?" 21 They *said to Him, "Caesar's." Then He *said to them, "Then render to Caesar the things that are Caesar's; and to God the things that are God's." Can we refuse to submit ? - see Acts 4:17-20; 5:27-29

9 13b-14a whether to a king as the one in authority, or to governors whether to a king as the one in authority king - a title of distinguished honor, e.g., viceroy, prince, leader, chief. Herod the Great and his successors had the title of king. Vine the one in authority - to be superior in rank, dignity. Lit: one who is super eminent or supreme. Rom 13:1b --- For there is no authority except from God, and those which exist are established by God. 2 Therefore whoever resists authority has opposed the ordinance of God; and they who have opposed will receive condemnation upon themselves.

10 13b-14a whether to a king as the one in authority, or to governors “The existence of authority is germane to all order – whether in the family, the church, or society.” McCalley governors - hēgemōn - used generally as a term for a prefect, proconsul, legate or procurator Matt. 10:18; Mark 13:9; Luke 21:12 “The term (hegemon) was used of governors in the provinces, such as Pilate (Matt 27:2), Felix (Acts 23:26) and Festus (Acts 26:30) who were commissioned by the emperor himself.” Hiebert

11 14b or to governors as sent by him for the punishment of evildoers and the praise of those who do right. note: governors are sent by God for two purposes -the punishment of evildoers - the praise of those who do right. as sent by him – lit: as those being sent by him sent - specifically of the sending of messengers, agents, ambassadors; in the present passive tense/voice used of sending: Christ (John 4:34), Holy Spirit (John14:26), John the Baptist (John 1:33), disciples and apostles (John 20:21), messengers (Eph. 6:22) and governors (1Pet 2:14)

12 14b as sent by him for the punishment of evildoers and the praise of those who do right. for the punishment of evildoers punishment - execution of right, justice; in the sense of vindictive justice, punishment Luke 21:22; 2 Thess.1:8; evildoers - pernicious, injurious, evil, behaving in a bad way - Matt 24:48, Rev 2:2 “ --- government authorities have certain basic functions. One is the “punishment of evildoers.” The word translated punishment (ekdikasis) means vengeance or punishment. As noted earlier, evildoers is a word for a criminal. Human authorities are responsible for the punishment of criminals. McCalley

13 14b as sent by him for the punishment of evildoers and the praise of those who do right. and the praise of those who do right praise - epainos - denotes approbation, commendation; the approbation of well-doers by human rulers, Rom. 13:3 of those who do right – lit: to those who do good root word – 3 John 1:11, 2 Pet 2:15 On the other side of the issue, he (the governer) is in authority for “the praise of those who do right.” Law abiding citizens are to be commended and rewarded by those in authority. McCalley

14 Romans 13:1-7 The believer and human government #1 1 Every person is to be in subjection to the governing authorities. For there is no authority except from God, and those which exist are established by God. 2 Therefore whoever resists authority has opposed the ordinance of God; and they who have opposed will receive condemnation upon themselves. 3 For rulers are not a cause of fear for good behavior, but for evil. Do you want to have no fear of authority? Do what is good and you will have praise from the same; 4 for it (authorities) is a minister of God to you for good. But if you do what is evil, be afraid; for it does not bear the sword for nothing; for it is a minister of God, an avenger who brings wrath on the one who practices evil.

15 Romans 13:1-7-The believer and human government #2 5 Therefore it is necessary to be in subjection, not only because of wrath, but also for conscience' sake. 6 For because of this you also pay taxes, for rulers are servants of God, devoting themselves to this very thing. 7 Render to all what is due them: tax to whom tax is due; custom to whom custom; fear to whom fear; honor to whom honor.