Marine Invertebrate Zoology

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Presentation transcript:

Marine Invertebrate Zoology Reproduction and Development Reproduction & Development

Reproduction & Development Asexual reproduction Reproduction in the absence of fertilization (without union of gametes) Reproduction & Development

Reproduction & Development Parthenogenesis Parthenogenesis – eggs develop to adulthood in the absence of fertilization (some arthropods, and rotifers) Reproduction & Development

Reproduction & Development Parthenogenesis Reproduction & Development

Reproduction & Development Sexual Reproduction Patterns of Sexuality Gonochoristic or dioecious The parents are of 2 different sexes Hermaphroditism – both male and female sex organs Simultaneous or sequential Protandric Protogynous Reproduction & Development

Getting the “Boys” to the Party Internal fertilization Direct Indirect Methods of transfer vary across phyla Reproduction & Development

Reproduction & Development Sexual Reproduction Reproduction & Development

Broadcast Spawning & External Fertilization Requires the precise timing of gamete release Successful fertilization is dependent on: Reproduction & Development

Reproduction & Development Larval Forms The product of external and some internal fertilization usually results in a free-living, swimming larvae that grows and differentiates in the plankton Most larvae are ciliated for locomotion, and food collection Reproduction & Development

Advantages for Free-living Larvae Transitions between phases of complex life cycles usually requires metamorphosis (abrupt morphological, physiological, and ecological changes) Reproduction & Development

Cost of Delaying Metamorphosis Reproduction & Development