Chapter 6 Development Of International Trade In Services 国际服务贸易的发展

6.1.1 characteristics of internation trade in service development 1.Rapid development of trade in service is promoted by the technology revolution and the high degree of specialization

item sum ($) (trillion) Annual growth rate ( 年增长率 )% Goods Export Service Export Table 6-1 Comparison table of goods export and service export in world trade

2.Structer of international trade in services further optimized, technology and knowledge intensive tendency more and more obvious.

In 1970 others transportation tourism 38.5% 28.2% 30.8% others: include 9 sections, Communication, building, computer, information, insurance, finance fee for patent or royalty, business services as personal, cultural and leisure services and government services

By the end of 2005 transportation tourism others 23.3% 28.9% 47.8%

3.Developed countries playing dominant role and developing countries tending to rise in trade in services ( 发达国家在服 务贸易中占有主导地位，发展中国家地 位不断上升 )

Table 6-2 Rank of world main trade in services in 2007 Export ( 出口 )Import ( 进口 ) RankingNationSumPortion Growth rate RankingNationSumPortion Growth rate 1USA USA GBR GER GER GBR JAP JAP FRC CHN SPN FRC CHN ITL ITL SPN HOL IRS IRS HOL (Unit: billion US dollars)

4.Global FDI Focus shifting to services and the expanded scale of trade in services accomplished by commercial presence

Table 6-3 Trade balance of trade in services in some developed countries 国家 2000 年 2001 年 2002 年 2003 年 2004 年 2005 年 USA JAP GER UK FRC ( 亿美元 ) Information resources : According to the Data of International trade in WTO

Table6-4 Foreign direct investment of some ecnomic entities during (Unit :hundred million US dollars) Region/ Economy Foreign Direct Investment Inflow ( 外国直接投资流入量 ) Foreign Direct Investment Outflow ( 外国直接投资流出量 ) Developed economy Europe EU Japan United States Other developed countries Developing economy

5.Trade in services globalization, liberalization and trade barriers coexist ( 服 务贸易全球化，自由化与贸易壁垒并存 )

On one hand, Globalization, Liberalization of trade in services is a long-term trend. The countries and regions which have strong monopoly competitiveness or relative competitiveness will promote free trade policy.

On the other hand, opening up services markets means a large number of element of cross-border flow. Some sensitiveareas, such as finance, insurance, telecommunications and air transport, are often related to the services trade importing country's sovereignty and security.

So every country is bound to restrict imports on the corresponding service. As the development of countries are in different levels and stages, they do not obtain the same level of profit. To protect domestic vulnerable services sector, they often tend to impose restriction on their own market opening.

Inview of the trade in services in developed countries ( 关于 发达国家服务贸易概况 )

一 、美国的服务贸易 20c80s 、 90s, The volume of import and export of trade in services amount to 15% of world volume, and scale trade surplus were expanded quickly. American is the largest country in exporting services, and she is the largest country in trade surplus in services.

（一） overview 1. The total volume in American and trend. Three characteristics : (1) Large importer and exporter (2) Large trade surplus ( 见表 7-4) (3) Trade in services is increased quickly

年份 进出口 总额 出口进口 顺差 出口额增长率 （ % ） 进口额增长率 （ % ） 单位 ： 亿美元 表 7-4

2. The position of trade in services in domestic economy (1)Foreign Trade can promote development of domestic economy (2)Foreign Trade srctor is vulnerable, is easily influenced by interational market, the 波动幅度远 远大于 GDP 的增长幅度 (3)The Annual growthrate of Trade in services is higherthan the Trade in goods and even more stable (4)From 2000 to The trade in goods is dominant in total volume of Forign trade ( 见表 7-5)

年份 GDP 增长 对外贸易货物服务货物 服务 货物 服务 货物 服务 货物 服务 货物 服务 进口增长 率 出口增长 率 表 7-5 美国 年 GDP 与贸易趋势比较 （%）（%）

6.2 Development of China ’ s trade in services China ’ s trade in services keeps increasing quickly and this increase in 2007 tends to be diversified. (1)The revenues and expenditures in freight transport increased quickly and adverse balance of trade decreased. (2)Tourism surplus fell. (3)Trade surplus grew rapidly in construction industry.

(4)Expenditure of insurance service increased (5)Deficit in finance service halved, amounting to $0.326 billion in (6)The trade surplus in computer and information service increased sharply. (7)The deficit in fee for patent or royalty increasingly expanded. (8)the proportion of consulting service in general income of trade in services increased from the deficit in 2006 to the surplus in 2007, amounting to $0.724 billion.

6.2.2 Characteristics of China ’ s trade in services (1)Rapid growth of trade in services (2)Increasing proportion of global trade in services (3)Trade exports in services accounting for relatively low proportion in trade exports (4)The development of trade in services falling behind that in goods

(5)Traditional trade in services as the main body. (6)Fast growth of some emerging trade sectors. (7)Long deficit in services trade. (8)The import and export of main sectors centralizing in developed countries and areas.

(9)Regional unbalanced development of trade in services. (10)The backwardness of trade in services management system. (11)Development of trade in services becomes focus of the world.

6.2.3 Basic principles of services trade opening (1)Principle of overall planning and gradualness (2)Department imbalance (3)Balanced development among regions

6.2.4 Factors affecting the current development of trade in services (1)favorable factors ① The third industry development in China is relatively backwards. ② Traditional services industry development level is relatively low. ③ High value-added industries relatively have weak competitiveness. ④ The shortage of experts.

(2)unfavorable factors ① Our economy develops steadily and rapidly and lays foundation for services trade development. ② Entering WTO provides market competitiveness in services trade. ③ The policy and law encouraging and promoting trade in services are steadily improved.