JAMMU UNIVERSITY SEISMIC NETWORK (Jammu & Kashmir, India) Presenter: Dr. Yudhbir Singh Department of Geology, University of Jammu, Jammu (India) Metadata Workshop Managing Waveform Data and Related Metadata for Seismic Networks Bangkok, Thailand January 8-13, 2012 Acknowledgements: The Head Department of Geology, University of Jammu Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India

The state of Jammu & Kashmir is the western most extension of the Himalayan mountain range in India It comprises of the Siwalik, Pir Panjal, Zanskar, Karakoram and Ladakh mountain ranges These mountain ranges are traversed by number of structural features such as Main Frontal Thrust (MFT), Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), Main Central Thrust (MCT), Indo-Tsangpo Suture Zone (ITSZ) in the State of Jammu and Kashmir making it very vulnerable to earthquakes Routine small tremors, moderate to large earthquakes have hit nearly all parts of the state from time to time INTRODUCTION

Seismic Zonation Map

DATEPLACEMAGNITUDEUTC TIMEGENERALIZED COORDINATES 6 June 1828 Srinagar6.0NA34.08N, E 30 May 1885NW of Srinagar7.0NA34.60N, 74.38E 17 May 1917 Ladakh6.021:45: N, 77.50E 11 Nov Ladakh6.001:18: N, 77.50E 15 Nov. 1937Northern Ladakh (Indo- China Border ) 6.021:37: N, 78.10E 22 June 1945 Near Padua, Kathua (H.P.- J&K Border) 6.018:00: N, 75.90E 10 July 1947Near Padua, Kathua (H.P.- J&K Border) 6.010:19: N, 75.90E 12 Aug Near Padua, Kathua (H.P.- J&K Border) 6.003:59: N, 75.90E 12 Aug Gilgit Wazarat (P.O.K.)6.006:16: N, 73.00E 12 Sep Chamba-Udhampur Districts (H.P.-J&K Border ) 6.020:41: N, 76.50E 17 June 1962 Udhampur District (Jammu & Kashmir) 6.004:39: N, 76.20E Significant Earthquakes in Jammu & Kashmir

DATEPLACEMAGNITUDEUTC TIMEGENERALIZED COORDINATES 22 June 1965 Ladakh (Jammu & Kashmir)6.105:49: N, 77.70E 28 Dec NE of Malakhand, NWFP, (Indo-Pakistan Border) 6.212:11: N, E 28 April 1975Aksai Chin (Indo-China Border ) 6.311:06: N, E 12 Sep.1981 Gilgit Wazarat (P.O.K.)6.107:15: N, E 6 July 1986 Xizang (Indo-China Border)6.119:24: N, E 5 March 1990 Gilgit Wazarat6.020:47: N, E 25 March 1990 Gilgit Wazarat (P.O.K.)6.314:17: N, E 19 Nov.1996 Aksai Chin (Indo-China Border)6.910:44: N, E 28 Jan.2002 Kithar, Jammu & Kashmir5.322:33: N, E 1 Nov Astore Valley, P.O.K.5.322:09: N, E 3 Nov Astore Valley, P.O.K5.307:33: N, E 20 Nov Astore Valley, P.O.K6.321:32: N, E 8 Oct **Kashmir-Kohistan, Pakistan- India Border 7.603:50: N, E 23 Oct Kashmir-Kohistan5.304:16: N, E **Largest Instrumented Earthquake in Jammu & Kashmir

Forecast for future earthquakes in the seismic Gaps of Himalaya (after Roger Bilham et al.)

Jammu University Seismic Network Consists of 4 Seismic Observatories –The present network of 4 stations is first of its kind in the state of Jammu and Kashmir – The seismic network in the region has been put in place in 2009 and since then continuous seismic data is being generated –After 2005 earthquake Ministry of Earth Science Govt. of India sanctioned four seismic observatories to University of Jammu to put more focus on the seismic activities in the state

S. NoName of the Seismic StationsStation CodeLatitudeLongitude 1Jammu UniversityJAMU32°43.139′ N74°52.052′ E 2PoonchPUCH33°46.233′ N74°06.415′ E 3DooruDORU33°34.079′ N75°14.005′ E 4BaniBANI32°41.050′ N75°48.282′ E

SEISMIC STATIONS

Solar panels Fixed GPS Digitizer, Solar charge controller and Battery EQUIPMENTS AT STATIONS Seismometer Portable DigitizerSolar charge controller Batter y

SEISMOMETER: Broadband Seismometer (Trillium 240)---- Nanometrics Make DIGITIZER : Taurus --- Nanometrics Make GPS Receiver: 8 channels Sensor Inputs INSTRUMENTS Data Storage: Removable media: Compact Flash Data Extraction: miniSEED Analog Processor (TAP) 3 channels 24-bit data channels

DATA ACQUISITION AND OTHER FACTS Jammu University station is located in the University Campus and data is being downloaded on daily basis Other 3 seismic stations are remote stations (i.e. 240 km from the University Campus station) The three remote stations are powered by solar power The data from the remote stations is manually downloaded at regular intervals The instrument functionality of the off-site stations is checked regularly by the persons employed for the purpose The retrieved data is being sent to Seismology Division, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Govt. of India on regular basis

Instrument Spectral Response of Jammu, Poonch, Bani and Doru observatory

Instrument Spectral Response of Instrument at Doru and Bani observatory

FUTURE ACTIVITIES Augmentation of existing seismological network with more observatories with VSAT communication facilities for monitoring earthquake activity in and around J&K

THANKS Photographs of 2005 Kashmir Earthquake