Romanesque Art The Romanesque style describes art and architecture that was produced from the early 1100’s to about 1250. This was a period of great building – castles, manor houses, churches, and monasteries were built on a large scale. Meaning “like the Romans”, Romanesque style began because of a renewed interest in mural painting, sculpture, monumental architecture, and manuscript illumination.

Illuminated Manuscript St. George and the Dragon Ornamented initial with St. George, his squire and the roaring dragons An image of status Inclusion of a narrative within the initial Fold partitions in the skirts Represents a good example of the Medieval costume St. George’s conquest of the dragon symbolizes the suppression of a pagan cult – he was executed by Emperor Diocletian who was a pagan

Romanesque Mural painting Adoration of the Magi Apse fresco 11th century Partitioning of the draped figures into separate, decoratively modeled segments Pipe-like legs/ladder-like folds serve to keep the figure flat and contributes to the effect of still formality. Figures are cut into patterns by hard outlines.

Romanesque Murals Flat Formal Hard Lines

Medieval Embroidery The Bayeux Tapestry, 11c 20”x230’ embroidered fabric made of wool sewn on linen Continuous, frieze-like pictorial narrative of the Norman defeat of the Anglo-Saxons at Hastings in 1066. Valuable historical document Simplification of form Exact description of arms and armor convincing representation of action, pose, and gesture The Battle Of Hastings - Scene 6

Romanesque Sculpture The Prophet Jeremiah Priory Church of Saint- Pierre Moissac, France His face has a humanly expression – melancholy and contemplative expression The figure is very tall and thin – stretched to accommodate the pillar Drapery is incised with flowing lines The sculptures’ crossed legs show an awkward movement like a mechanical dance

The Last Judgment Sculpture Cathedral of Saint-Lazare, France 1120 – 1140 Tympanum, area over the church entry door, with sculpture that features the Last Judgment http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uq1nUv0YOdg Weighing of Souls

St. Trophime at Arles, France Statuary of the Portals Artist’s interpretation of a Roman triumphal arch (see next slide) Tympanum shows Christ surrounded by Evangelist Lintel represents the twelve apostles in the center of the continuous frieze that depicts the Last Judgment Saved on one side and damned on the other in flames Saints in the jambs and the front bays of the portal Sculpture simpler and more monumental to fit with the architecture

Romanesque Cathedral Architectural Style Rounded Arches Barrel vaults Thick walls Roof made of masonry instead of wood Darker, simplistic interiors Small windows, usually at the top of the wall St. Sernin Toulouse, France St. Sernin

Gothic Art Italian Renaissance writers, who preferred classical architecture, later described Gothic buildings as “ugly” and “created by barbarians” (Goths). This is how the incorrect term, Gothic, was coined.

Gothic painting and sculpture Paintings and sculptures were made to look like the actual model Curving lines and careful detail were emphasized Paintings began to show a sense of depth as painters experimented with using perspective in their artwork Use of rich colors- including gold, seen in altarpieces, painted wooden panels and elaborately illustrated pages of manuscripts

Gothic painting Death of the Virgin Intensity of emotion showing in the faces, overlapping of figures, and detail in the clothing was typical in Gothic painting.

The Book of Hours (Les Tres Riches Heures) most common type of surviving medieval illumination each book is unique, but all contain a collection of texts, prayers and psalms, along with illustrations reciting the hours typically centered upon the recitation or singing of a number of psalms, accompanied by set prayers The most famous of these were created by the Limbourg Brothers for the Duke of Berry at the beginning of the 15th century. Several of the miniatures depict the Duke, fields or castles he owned, and places he visited. This portrays the personal function of the book of hours, as it is customized to suit the patron August

Chartres Cathedral, France Gothic Sculpture Sculpture is still apart of the architecture but it feels like it could stand alone. Believable and sensual carvings Still portrays religious meaning, but it becomes less symbolic and more conveyed through true emotion and realism Bending, swaying, smiling, talking figures are the new style St. Martin and St. Jerome c. 1220-1230 Chartres Cathedral, France

Gothic sculpture The Annunciation and The Visitation Jamb statues over life-size The Virgin of Paris Notre Dame, Paris

Chartres Cathedral, Magi

Cathedral Gargoyles

Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris Gargoyles were sculpted to be used as water spouts for medieval cathedrals. Originally placed on cathedrals to direct water away from the buildings’ foundation, they stir the imagination to what other meanings they may suggest or represent. A common belief is that gargoyles served as protectors keeping evil away from the buildings.

Gothic Cathedral Architectural Style Began in France in the 12c Pointed arches Flying buttresses Stained glass windows Elaborate, ornate interior Taller, more airy  lots of light Lavish sculpture  larger-than-life

Flying buttresses

Chartres Cathedral Paris, France

Notre Dame Cathedral Paris, France

Gothic “Filigree” Closeups Filigree – delicate lace-like, intertwined, ornamental design.

Filigree

Stain Glass Windows Rose window an example of radial symmetry