The Culture of the High Middle Ages Chapter 10 Section 3 The Culture of the High Middle Ages

Explain the Rise of Universities Objectives

The Rise of Universities The word university comes from the Latin word for corporation, universitas. Medieval universities were educational guilds. First universities appeared in Bologna, Italy, and were started by Irnerius, a teacher of law. To protect their jobs, the students formed a guild in 1158. The Rise of Universities

First University in North Europe- University of Paris. In the second half of the twelfth century, students left and started their own university at Oxford, England. By 1500, there were more than 80 universities.

Students studied traditional liberal arts curriculum. Classes included grammar, rhetoric, logic, arithmetic, geometry, music, and astronomy. Teaching was done by lecture, and no exams were given. After completing liberal arts, a student could go on to study law, medicine, or theology, often taking about ten years to complete. After a final oral exam, a student was granted a doctors degree. Theology, the study of religion and God, was the most highly sought degree. University Curricula

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The Development of Scholasticism The study of theology was highly influenced by scholasticism. Scholasticism is the study of faith and reason Scholasticism combined Christian teaching with Greek philosophy. In the 12th century, largely due to the work of Muslim and Jewish scholars, Aristotle’s work was introduced to Europe. His work greatly upset Christians, and in the 13th century Saint Thomas Aquinas tried to reconcile Aristotle with the doctrines of Christianity. The Development of Scholasticism

Thomas Aquinas is best known for his Summa Theologica, or a Summa of Theology. Organized according to the logical method of investigation used by scholars. 1- Pose a Question 2- Cite sources 3- Reconcile the question

Objectives: Analyze the Development of Scholasticism Identify Vernacular Literature Explain different types of Architecture Analyze the Writings of Christine de Pizan Objectives:

Vernacular Literature Latin was the universal language of the medieval civilization Used in the Church and schools. By the twelfth century, much of the new literature was being written in the vernacular, the language of everyday speech in a particular region. A new market for the vernacular literature appeared in the twelfth century when laypeople took an interest in new sources of entertainment. Page 993 Vernacular Literature

The most popular vernacular literature was troubadour poetry Chiefly the product of nobles and knights and told the love of a knight for a lady. Another popular type was the chanson de geste, or heroic epic. Chief events are heroic epic battles and political contests.

Romanesque style became common, using the basilica as its base. Basilicas were rectangular buildings with flat wooden roofs Romanesque styles replaced that roof with a barrel arch. The style featured long, round, stone, arched roofs, massive pillars, and massive walls. Architecture

Basilica

Romanesque

Santiago de Compostela

Gothic cathedrals of the 12th and 13th improved on the Romanesque style. Round barrel vaults were replaced with ribbed vaults and pointed arches. The flying buttress- a heavy arched support of stone built on outside walls, which supported the weight of the walls.

Gothic

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