LacCore National Lacustrine Core Facility Anders Noren, Curator

Staff Curator: Anders Noren Lab Manager: Amy Myrbo Assistant Curator: Kristina Brady Technicians: 5 to 15 (unsalaried) Director: Emi Ito Co-PI: Steve Colman, Director, LLO, Duluth EAG: 7 members Funding: NSF-IF; University of Minnesota

9 th Year Facilities & equipment driven by Global Lake Drilling/GLAD program Adapt to needs of all projects at all scales Support all phases of research Recognize differing needs/expectations

Components 1. Planning 2. Field 3. Core processing/Initial Core Description 4. Sample prep/Analysis 5. Archiving

Components 1. PLANNING for all project phases a. Budget b. Time c. Equipment and supplies needs d. Shipping e. Training f. Analytical possibilities g. Curation

Components 1. Planning 2. FIELD a. Equipment rental b. Equipment training, operation c. Supplies (core liner, etc.) d. Core handling e. Core storage f. Core transport

Field Equipment 1.Surface cores: push, gravity, freeze, Hongve, Eckman dredge 2.Long cores: Kullenberg, Livingstone (with or without single- use liner modification), Mackereth, Nesje, vibracorer 3.Vessels: 18-foot row/motorboat, 4 canoes, two Carolina Skiff boats for Kullenberg (23-foot tower), pontoon, cataraft, innertube. (All moonpooled) 4.GPR 5.Water sampling and analysis 6.Climate-controlled shipping container 7.Two 4x4 trucks

Components 1. Planning 2. Field 3. CORE PROCESSING / ICD a. Multisensor logging i. gamma density ii. acoustic velocity iii. electrical resistivity iv. magnetic susceptibility (loop and high-resolution point sensors) v. natural gamma radiation

Components 1. Planning 2. Field 3. CORE PROCESSING / ICD a. Multisensor logging b. High-resolution digital imaging

Components 1. Planning 2. Field 3. CORE PROCESSING / ICD a. Multisensor logging b. High-resolution digital imaging c. Description i. macro-scale: color, texture, structure ii. micro-scale: mineralogical and biological components

CoreWall

Components 1. Planning 2. Field 3. Core processing/ICD 4. SAMPLE PREP/ANALYSIS a.Dedicated stations for each analysis b.Technicians available

Services / Stations / Equipment Smear slides Sampling LOI Carbon coulometry Sulfur coulometry Biogenic silica Grain size Pollen prep XRD prep Thin section prep Isotope prep Diatom prep AMS 14C prep Charcoal prep Centrifuges Drying ovens Desiccators Fume hoods Microscopes: pollen, diatom, petrographic, binocular ITRAX XRF core scanner X-radiography LLO

Components 1. Planning 2. Field 3. Core processing/ICD 4. Sample prep/Analysis 5. ARCHIVING a. Physical curation: storage, labeling b. Metadata / database management c. Sample preservation / management d. Depth scale generation e. Sampling

Collection 2,400 holes 11,500 m of core (stored at LacCore) 8,900 m drill cores 2,600 m short cores (+freeze, permafrost) Future: Hominid Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project (Ethiopia): 1000m? Billions of small projects Accession old collections

3320 ft 2 / 310 m 2

Data Repository Store metadata / data for cores stored at other institutions Rapid assessment of previous work done in a geographical region, or on a proxy Sample access Simplify transition to permanent storage

Database FileMaker Pro Stores metadata for expeditions, holes, cores, sections, samples; analytical data Mathematically corrects depth scale for gaps and gas expansion Provides multiple uniform corrected depth scales for all samples/analyses DIS / ICDP …working on a new system: consistent; fast; online

Online table,.csv,.kml

Perform multisensor logging prior to user arrival or after departure Train visitors in equipment operation, core description Provide workshops, short courses Sell supplies/equipment (field, lab, curatorial) at cost Produce recipes/SOPs, distribute on web Other Services

Costs / Fees field equipment rental shipping sampling sample prep / analysis supplies

Stats VISITORS: 1200 visits per year (200 unique) CONTACTS: 4000 contacts per year (500 unique) ( US, Canada, Mexico, Europe) CORES: 1500m per year / 1000m archived SAMPLES: 10,000-12,000 per year more requests / small batches greater use of online resources for discovery

Project 1: Student Graduate student from UC-Berkeley 12m of Holocene core from remote lake in British Columbia Advisor experienced in coring, processing; student needed training in ICD

Minimal local facilities: MSCL, linescan cameras, scope camera, sample prep Shipped cores to Minneapolis, spent five days Archived half of each core

Project 2: Faculty Geomorphologist from Macalester College Use new methods to measure past glacier fluctuations with lake sediment

No experience with cores One staff assisted throughout project 20m of core analyzed and archived

Project 3: El’gygytgyn Major international expedition: ~50 people from US, Germany, Russia, Canada

Camp

Ice road

Doubled ice thickness to increase load capacity

120 miles from nearest road All materials hauled overland

No crane? No problem!

Platform base

Platform walls

Storm

400m sediment; 110m impact rock 3.6Myr climate record LacCore: field curation; permanent archiving