Cells/Macromolecules Chemistry of Life Chapter 2 Objectives: Know the functions of each group of organic compound/macromolecule

Vocabulary Create a flash card for the following Words (all from Chapter 2 or use Glossary): Products Monomer Activation energy Polymer Catalyst Carbohydrate Enzyme Proteins Reactant

What do all these organisms have in common What do all these organisms have in common? Carbon based—carbon molecules are like the backbone of living things

Carbon Molecules

Carbon Molecules Can be very LARGE A POLYMER is a molecule, like a carbon molecule, that consists of repeated, linked units. Large polymers are called MACROMOLECULES Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids

Compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms Carbohydrates Compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms Living things use carbohydrates as their main source of Energy

Carbohydrates

Mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms Lipids Mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms Not soluble in water, made of fatty acids Olive oil is an example Used to store energy

Nucleic Acids Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus atoms Formed from NUCLEOTIDES (a 3 part monomer of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base) Store and transmit hereditary material (DNA)

Nucleic Acids

Proteins Contain Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Composed of polymers called amino acids (contain –NH2 and –COOH) Some proteins control the rate of reactions within cells, some form bone and muscle, some transport substances into or out of cells and help fight diseases

Must include a description (can be the definition) INTERACTIVE Create a 4-flap book to describe and illustrate the 4 types of MACROMOLECULES! Must include a picture Must include a description (can be the definition)

Chemical Reactions A chemical reaction is a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals. Some chemical reactions occur slowly (like rusting), some occur quickly (like explosions) Chemical reactions always involve the breaking of bonds and forming of new ones

Chemical Reaction Brain Pop of Video Clip

Energy in Reactions Not all chemical reactions will start on their own. The energy needed to start a chemical reaction is called ACTIVATION ENERGY.

Catalysts Some chemical reactions that are necessary for life are very slow or have high activation energies. These chemical reactions are made possible by using a CATALYST. A CATALYST is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction by lowering the required activation energy. Give book on a wedge example…easier to push when resting on the wedge, requires less energy to push it

ENZYMES are proteins that act as CATALYSTS. Cells use enzymes to speed up chemical reactions that take place within the cells.

Catalysts and Enzymes Insert pictures/graphs

Catalyst Video Clip How to speed up chemical reactions and get a date 4:56

Catalyst Graphing Activity p.80 in text book, do it whole class on doc camera

Macromolecule POGIL

Assessment Answer questions 1-3 on page 53. You do NOT have to copy the question, but answers should be in complete sentences, re-state the question.