Happy Wednesday Bellwork: List three things Carbohydrates and Lipids have in common AND three things that make them different.

Open your I.A.N. to page 22

Protein Structure: Functions: Monomer:Polymer: Elements: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), ____________ Good to know: ____________ Examples: Serine (Ser), Proline (Pro) Protein (also called a ________________) Examples: insulin, alcohol dehydrogenase The instructions to make proteins is stored in _______ Controlling the _____________ (enzymes). Regulating ______________ (enzymes). Forming ________________ Transporting substances into or out of __________. Helping to fight disease (antibodies). Function is determined by shape! The R group changes. ____________ connect the amino acids Enough amino acids connected together will cause the protein to fold and create a new shape

Protiens….here we go! Structure discovery: For the next few minute discuss the following questions at your table: How would you describe the structure of this biomolecule? Does it’s shape resemble any familiar form? What elements are present? How do you KNOW for sure that it is not a carbohydrate or a lipid?

Protein Structure: Functions: Monomer:Polymer: Elements: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N) Good to know: ____________ Examples: Serine (Ser), Proline (Pro) Protein (also called a ________________) Examples: insulin, alcohol dehydrogenase The instructions to make proteins is stored in _______ Controlling the _____________ (enzymes). Regulating ______________ (enzymes). Forming ________________ Transporting substances into or out of __________. Helping to fight disease (antibodies). Function is determined by shape! The R group changes. __________ connect the amino acids Enough amino acids connected together will cause the protein to fold and create a new shape R-Group

Structure: This picture is of an amino acid. You may have discovered that… Proteins can come in a variety of different shapes Proteins contain the elements Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen? Proteins are structurally different from Carbs and Lipids. They contain Nitrogen They are not ring or chain shaped They contain an “R” group

Protein Structure: Functions: Monomer:Polymer: Elements: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N) Good to know: Amino Acids Examples: Serine (Ser), Proline (Pro) Protein (also called a Polypeptide) Examples: insulin, alcohol dehydrogenase The instructions to make proteins is stored in _______ Controlling the _____________ (enzymes). Regulating ______________ (enzymes). Forming ________________ Transporting substances into or out of __________. Helping to fight disease (antibodies). Function is determined by shape! The R group changes. Peptide Bonds connect the amino acids Enough amino acids connected together will cause the protein to fold and create a new shape R-Group

Structure continued: Amino acids are the monomers (building blocks) of Proteins Dehydration synthesis allows Amino acids to form peptide bonds They form polymers called proteins or polypeptides There are 20 different amino acids All amino acids share the same basic structure. What makes them different is their “R” group.

The “R” group is the amino acids “ID card” Each “R” group has a charge that will attract or repel other “R” groups

Some examples of Polypeptide shapes….

Protein Structure: Functions: Monomer:Polymer: Elements: Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N) Good to know: Amino Acids Examples: Serine (Ser), Proline (Pro) Protein (also called a Polypeptide) Examples: insulin, alcohol dehydrogenase The instructions to make proteins is stored in DNA Controlling the rate of reactions (enzymes). Regulating cell processes (enzymes). Forming bones and muscles Transporting substances into or out of cells. Helping to fight disease (antibodies). Function is determined by shape! The R group changes. Peptide Bonds connect the amino acids Enough amino acids connected together will cause the protein to fold and create a new shape R-Group

Function, what do they do?: Proteins make up who YOU are. Skin, bone, hair, ear wax color and even body odor can all be attributed to proteins Help to Regulate cell processes Transportation of substances into and out of the cell Help to fight disease

Enzyme: A Fun Introduction

Enzymes… Enzymes are special proteins that work in the body to help speed up reactions Catalyst: a substance that helps to speed up a chemical reaction but is not used up in the reaction Because enzymes do this in the body they are known as biological catalysts. They can be used over and over again. amylase - in saliva pepsin - in stomach Lactase - breaks down lactose DNA Polymerase I (DNA replication) DNA Polymerase III (DNA replication) RNA Polymerase (mRNA synthesis) Helicase (DNA replication) Ligase (DNA replication)

Enzyme function Enzymes work best under certain internal conditions. Enzymes help maintain homeostasis in living organisms. Enzymes reduce the activation energy needed in a reaction and speed up the rate at which the reaction is completed.

Enzymes are VERY specific and perform very specialized tasks Substrates are chemicals that bind to the enzyme and become altered (bonds formed and/or broken), producing a product Enzymes have specific shapes that match or react with specific substrates (like a lock and key) Draw this in your notes complex

Add to Foldable Outside flap Inside Flap Functions 1.Speed up Reactions (enzymes) 2.Regulate Cell Processes 3.Build bones and muscle 4.Make up YOU! Examples: 1.Meat 2.Cheese 3.Eggs Monomer: Amino Acid Polymer: Polypeptide

Foldable Time!!!