Matter and Energy BSCS

Atoms All matter is composed of elements, the simplest form of matter Atoms are the building blocks of all matter Chemical bonds are the arrangement of atoms. Energy is stored within the structure of a molecules bonds and atoms. Energy is needed to break bonds and energy is needed to make new bonds

Matter and Energy II When molecules react or move quickly, many times heat is released. When molecules slow down, heat is absorbed and the object feels cold. Molecules are formed by the combination of elements like CH 4, H 2 O, NH 3 Exothermic reactions release heat like a fire Endothermic reactions absorb heat like melting ice

Energy conservation Potential energy is stored energy that is available for use Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, this energy may be used or wasted, but is always conserved. Conservation of energy states that energy may be manipulated, transferred or changed, but the total amount of energy used/wasted remains the same. Example: Digestion takes energy to break food into macromolecules and heat is produced as a result, but energy is conserved. Energy is used for our movement and conserved when we relax or sleep.

Types of bonds Elements with metal such as calcium, sodium and potassium are bonded to non-metals such as oxygen or chlorine to form Ionic bonds. The metal transfer electrons to non-metals. Sodium chloride, potassium iodide are ionic compounds Most of our body is made up of non-metal to non-metal bonds in which the elements share electrons. These are Covalent bonds. Glucose, water and oxygen gas are covalent compounds.