Performance Evaluation of Path Cost Improvement in Inter-Layer 3 Networking with ID/Locator Separation Architecture Graduate School of Engineering, Kansai University, JAPAN Hiroyuki URABAYASHIMiki YAMAMOTO System Platforms Research Labs NEC Corporation Tomohiko YAGYU

Conventional Internet Introduction Host mobility and multi-homing is not suitably ※ D. Farinacci, V. Fuller, D. Meyer, D. Lewis, “Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP),"draft-farinacci-lisp-12.txt, Mar Causes severe increase of routing table entries in Default Free Zone ID/Locator separation architecture ※ resolves these technical problems ※ R. Moskowitz and P. Nikander,“Host Identity Protocol Architecture,"Internet Draft draft-ietf-hip-arch-03, Aug, ※ A. Jonsson, M. Folke, B. Ahlgren,“The split naming/forwarding network architecture,” in Proc. Swedish National Computer Networking Workshop (SNCNW), Sep, ※ J. Abley, M. Bagnulo,“Applicability Statement for the Level 3 Multihoming Shim Protocol (Shim6)," draft-ietf-shim6-applicability-03, Jul, 2007.

ID/Locator Separation Architecture Split IP address to host ID and Location ID Unique ID(host ID) which is independent of location Mapping system(MS) conversion these addresses ID/Locator separation architecture ・・・・ Core NW Local NW ID Routing Locator Routing ID Routing End host Local NW

Another benefit of this architecture Each hosts have unique ID which is independent of NW Shared node enables inter-layer 3 networking NW3 NW2 NW1 Host :A Host :B DA:B Shared node Vertical Link ※ B. Ahlgren, J. Arkko et. al., “A Node Identity Inter-Networking Arcitecture,"IEEE 9th Global Internet Workshop, Apr Hosts operating different layer 3 protocol can communicate each other (inter-layer 3 networking ※ ) transfer to a different network operating another layer 3 protocol ※ S. Schmid, L. Eggert, M. Brunner and J. Quittek,“Towards Autonomous Network Domains," in Proc. 8th IEEE Global Internet Symposium, Mar, ※ J. Crowcroft, S. Hand, R. Mortier, T. Roscoe, A. Warfield,“Plutarch: An Argument for Network Pluralism," in Proc. ACM SIGCOMM Workshop on Future Directions in Network Architecture (FDNA), Aug, 2003, pp ※ B. Ahlgren, J. Arkko, L. Eggert and J. Rajahalme,“A Node Identity Internetworking Architecture," in Proc. 9th IEEE Global Internet Symposium, Apr, 2006.

Advantages of inter-networking routing Communications between different Improvement of robustness Improvement of shortest path Improve Robustness Advantages of inter-networking routing network protocol planes Efficient shortest path

Aim of the paper 研究目的 Evaluating cost improvement of inter-layer 3 networking Performance with increase of shared nodes in 3 networks Strategic assignment of shared node Aim of the paper Evaluating method brought by ID/Locator separation architecture Incremental deployment scenario of shared nodes

Simulation parameter NW3 NW2 NW1 ・・・ ・・ host P Network planes:3 : Host100 Topology Shared node5: BA(Barabashi-Alber) model Order of node selection is the same in all 3 networks Heterogeneous Node is randomly and independently selected in all 3 networks Multi-homing rate0.5: Random(Waxman) model Homogeneous ・・・

Change of minimum cost with increasing VLs （ a ） Random (b)Homogeneous BA(C)Heterogeneous BA Optimal cost decreased significantly with small number of VL Strategic VL assignment is very important

Strategic assignment of shared node Strategic VL assignment Good performance with small number of VLs Addition of strategic VL is important Select outdegree and betweenness of shared nodes as indicators Betweenness Number of get through node i ： ： node number : outdegree of node i Outdegree

（ a ） Random (b)Homogeneous BA(C)Heterogeneous BA Outdegree Betweenness Outdgree and Betweennes in optical increment Earlier added VL has higher betweeness and outdegree Two indexes can be used for strategic assignment

Change of minimum cost with increasing VLs （ a ） Random (b)Homogeneous BA(C)Heterogeneous BA Betweenness and outdegree increment obtains good Betweenness and outdegree is a good index for improvement with small number of VL strategic assignment of shared node

Conclusion Inter-layer 3 networking enhances routing path Evaluate improvement of path cost brought by inter-layer 3 networking Small number of vertical links bring significant performance improvement Also evaluate strategic assignment of vertical links Outdegree Betweenness

Example of inter-networking routing (LISP) ① Host ID of X sends packet with destination ID is Y to edge node A ② Node A accesses MS and gets Locator ID of shared node C 1 ④ Node C decapsulates a received packet and accesses MS Host X NW1 NW2 A C1 B C2 D E F G H I Host Y DA:Y MS DA:Y DA:C1 K Vertical Link ① ② ③ ④ ③ Node A sends a encapsulated packet to C 1

Example of inter-networking routing (LISP) ⑥ Node K decapsulates a received packet and sends Host Y Host X NW1 NW2 A C1 B C2 D E F G H I Host Y MS K DA:Y DA:K ④ ⑤ ⑥ DA:Y Vertical Link ⑤ Node C 2 encapsulates a packet which destination address is ID K

Change of minimum cost with increasing VLs （ a ） Random (b)Homogeneous BA(C)Heterogeneous BA Betweenness and outdegree increment obtains good Betweenness and outdegree is a good index for improvement with small number of VL strategic assignment of shared node