08 / 11/ 2005VEENA DIXIT1 Marathi Noun Morphology for POS Tagger

08 / 11/ 2005VEENA DIXIT2 Marathi Nouns Nouns are nearly 45% of the random corpus. We will consider the stem forming processes of Marathi nouns. Inflectional Marathi Noun Morphology is absolute economic in nature. –A single stem is formed for an attachment of the case markers as well as the postpositions.

08 / 11/ 2005VEENA DIXIT3 Inflection Classes of Marathi Nouns In tradition, stem – forming process is referred as ‘Saamaanyaroopa’ formation. ‘Saamaanyaroopa’ is the stem form of a noun, to which the case markers or the postpositions are attached. Marathi nouns can be classified based on the suffixes attached to a noun for ‘Saamaanyaroopa’ formation. Several parameters are active in deciding ‘Saamaanyaroopa’ of a Marathi noun.

08 / 11/ 2005VEENA DIXIT4 Parameters, deciding ‘Saamaanyaroopa’ »Gender »Number »Ultimate Vowel »Ultimate consonant »Penultimate Vowel »Penultimate consonant »Number of syllables »Etymology - The degree of acceptance of a foreign word »Frequency »Subgroup

08 / 11/ 2005VEENA DIXIT5 Gender There are three grammatical genders, masculine, feminine and neuter, in Marathi, if the agreement between noun and verb is considered. Assignment of gender to a Marathi noun is not systematic, it is merely conventional. * (feminine, singular) माळ – maaLa – small garland, माळेवर – maalevara – on the small garland (masculine, singular) माळ – maaLa – uncultivated land, माळावर – maaLaavara – on the uncultivated land

08 / 11/ 2005VEENA DIXIT6 Number There are two numbers in Marathi, singular and plural. (masculine, singular) माळा – maaLaa – floor माळ्यावर – maaLyaavara – on the floor (masculine, plural) माळे – maaLe – floors माळ्यांवर – maaLyaaMvara – on the floors

08 / 11/ 2005VEENA DIXIT7 Ultimate Vowel (masculine, singular, ‘schwa’ ending) माळ – maaLa – uncultivated land माळावर – maaLaavara – on the uncultivated land (masculine, singular, ‘aa’ ending) माळा – maaLaa – floor माळ्यावर – maaLyaavara – on the floor

08 / 11/ 2005VEENA DIXIT8 Ultimate Consonant (masculine, singular, ultimate consonant ‘L’) माळा – maaLaa – floor माळ्यावर – maaLyaavara – on the floor (masculine, singular, ultimate consonant ‘s’) मासा - maasaa – fish माशावर – maashaavara – on the fish

08 / 11/ 2005VEENA DIXIT9 Penultimate Vowel (neuter, singular, penultimate vowel ‘uu’, direct) मूल – muula – child (neuter, singular, penultimate vowel ‘u’, oblique) मुलावर – mulaavara – on the child

08 / 11/ 2005VEENA DIXIT10 Penultimate Consonant (feminine, singular, penultimate consonant ‘ll’) चिल्लर – chillara – coins चिल्लरीवर – chillarivara – on the coins (feminine, singular, penultimate consonant ‘kk’) अक्कल – akkala – intelligence अकलेवर – akalevara – on the intelligence (feminine, singular, penultimate consonant ‘pp’) चप्पल – chappala – footwear चपलेवर – chapalevara – on the footwear

08 / 11/ 2005VEENA DIXIT11 Number of Syllables (feminine, singular, one syllabic) स्त्री – strii – woman स्त्रिया – striiyaa – women (feminine, singular, two syllabic) टाकी – Taakii – tank टाक्या – Taakyaa – tanks

08 / 11/ 2005VEENA DIXIT12 Etymology The degree of acceptance of a foreign word Accepted well टेबल – Tebala – table टेबलावर – Tebalaavara – on the table Newly accepted कंप्यूटर – kampyutara – computer कंप्यूटरवर – kampyutaravara – on the computer

08 / 11/ 2005VEENA DIXIT13 Subgroup of nouns Proper nouns and Non – proper nouns Non – proper nouns पुरुष – puruSha – man पुरुषावर – puruShaavara – on the man Proper nouns उमेश – umesha – Umesh उमेशवर – umeshavara – on Umesh

08 / 11/ 2005VEENA DIXIT14 Frequency Less frequent proper noun उमेश – umesha – Umesh उमेशवर – umeshavara – on Umesh More frequent proper noun शंकर – shankara – Shankar शंकरावर – shankaraavara – on Shankar