What do YOU need EVERY DAY? 3-Ring Binder Spiral Notebook PENS /PENCILS

GRADING BASED ON: CLASSWORK PARTICIPATION HOMEWORK/QUIZZES TEST PROJECTS

CLASSWORK/PARTICIPATION 4 hall passes a quarter Graded on attendance – penalized for lateness and absences You must be present in class to participate and earn credit You are responsible for making up missed work!

TESTS are announced HW assigned as needed Quizzes are announced or surprise TESTS, HOMEWORK, & QUIZZES

Classroom Policies Thank you for NOT wearing hat. Thank you for waiting to be dismissed in your SEAT Thank you for not eating or drinking in this classroom THANK YOU FOR BRINGING YOUR OWN WRITING UTENSILES THANK YOU FOR NO ELECTRONIC DEVICES

Heading on HW NamePer (Assign.) Date

Some of the topics to be covered in this course: Buoyancy (Titanic) Marine Environments : Marine Organisms, Marine Animals Marine Invertebrates, Marine Vertebrates Geology of the Ocean (why salty – climates) Energy in the Ocean (Temp – Tides) Marine Conservation

PRESENTATIONS Presentations will be INDIVIDUAL and Group. PRESENTATIONS WILL NOT BE READ ONE PRESENTATION PER UNIT TEST GRADE or GREATER

It’s estimated that 200 million people make their living by fishing directly or indirectly.

71% of the Earth’s surface is covered by oceans

Less than 1% of living space on Earth is on land – the other 99% is in the oceans

Ocean water and ice make up 98% of all water on Earth

Oceans are home to innumerable species Every square inch of the ocean habitable

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) over 70% of the World’s fish species are either fully exploited or depleted

MORE THAN 80% of all life is found beneath the waves

Oceans creates over half of our oxygen

The average depth of the ocean is 2 miles- all of which is habitable. images/l043.jpg

80% of known life forms are marine. 33 Animal Phyla of which… 32 live in the ocean 12 live on land

Osha Gray Davidson, Fire in the Turtle House

50% of the world’s population lives within 50 miles of the coast 32 billion gallons of pollution enters the ocean everyday Shipping-50% of international trade is hazardous materials

Everyday mishaps with oil rigs, seepage, discharge from ships and everyday chemical runoff from land sources = 15 million gallons of oil entering N. American oceans each year = 4,500 residential swimming pools

NASA spent $820 million on missions to Mars to look for water Compared to the approximately $600 million spent on ocean research on our own planet.

Marine Science can be defined as the study of the ocean, its ecosystems, and life forms; also called oceanography Marine science consists of four branches of oceanography Oceanography is the science of recording and describing the ocean’s contents and processes.

The four main branches of oceanography: Biological oceanography (Marine biology) Chemical oceanography Geological oceanography Physical oceanography

Biological oceanography (also called marine biology) studies the diversity of life in the ocean and the ocean’s role as their habitat. Chemical oceanography studies the chemistry of seawater Geological oceanography concerns itself with the geology of the ocean Physical oceanography is the study of the physics within the marine environment

Marine science draws on physical science, life science, and Earth and space science Physical science is the study of matter and energy (chemistry and physics) Life science is the study of living things and their interactions with their environment (physiology, biology, ecology) Earth and space science is the study of the physical Earth, the solar system, the universe, and their interrelationships. (Geology, astronomy, astrophysics)

Because marine science is a broad field, marine scientist need more than a formal education in the sciences. mathematics History Technology Social sciences Literature arts

Got Ocean? The ocean covers 71% of the Earth’s surface Accounts for >97% of the Earth’s water! – That means that all the rivers, lakes, glaciers, rain, snow, and groundwater make up the <3% remainder! The average depth of the ocean is 3,800 meters (=12,500 feet) and at its deepest depth is 7,000 ft greater than the highest elevation on land (Mt. Everest 29,000 ft; Mariana Trench 36,163 ft) The average temperature of the ocean is only 3.9 ̊C (=39 ̊F)

Oceanography The oceans are separated into 5 named ocean basins (and many smaller seas), but they all constitute one world ocean; one great intermixing mass of saline (salty) water All oceans are, in fact, interconnected with one another

One World Ocean Pacific Ocean (the largest) Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Arctic Ocean Southern Ocean

One World Ocean Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Arctic Ocean Southern Ocean

Why study Marine Science? ~80% of all Americans live within 1 hour of an ocean or Great Lake 100% of all Long Islanders live within 1 hour of the Atlantic Ocean (and that assumes a good deal of traffic…) 50% of the world’s population live on a coastline