The characteristic features of pronouns is not only their lexical meaning but their use to that of a noun and an adjective.

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Presentation transcript:

The characteristic features of pronouns is not only their lexical meaning but their use to that of a noun and an adjective.

1. the presence of a dual number of pronouns of the 1 st and the 2 nd person 2. the absence of possessive pronouns. Instead of them there is a form of Genitive case of the personal pronoun 3. the presence of a special group of the definite pronouns that have already (almost) lost their main meaning of definite pronoun, having formed in the definite article 4. the saving of Accusative case in the separate groups of pronouns

D e c l e n s i o n o f p e r s o n a l p r o n o u n s per son case/ number singulardualplural 1 st Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. ic mīn mē mec, mē wit uncer unc uncit wē ūre, ūser ūs ūsic, ūs 2 nd Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Þu Þin Þe Þēc, Þē ȝit incer inc incit, inc ȝē ēowr ēow ēowic, ēow singularplural 3 rd MFN all genders Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. hē his him hine hēo,hīo hire,hier e hie, hi, hȳ hit his him hit hīe, hī, hȳ, hēo hire, heora, hierra, hyra him, heom hīe, hī, hȳ, hēo

The OE personal pronoun ‘heo’ was replaced by ‘sho’ or ‘she’ from the OE demonstrative ‘seo’ used in the north- East; the 3 rd person plural ‘hie’ was replaced by the Scandinavian ‘they’.

D e c l e n s i o n o f d e m o n s t r a t i v e p r o n o u n s casesingularplural MFN Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Instr. sē, se Þǣs Þǣm, Þām Þone Þy, Þon seo Þǣre Þā Þǣre Þǣt Þǣs Þǣm, Þām Þǣt Þy, Þon Þa ÞNegative pronounsra, Þǣra Þām, Þǣm Þā Þǣm, Þām Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Instr. Þēs Þises Þisum Þisne Þisse Þēos Þisse Þās Þīsse Þis Þisses Þisum Þis Þisse Þās Þissa Þisum Þās Þisum

D e c l e n s i o n o f i n t e r r o g a t i v e p r o n o u n s casegender MasculineNeuter Nom.hwāhwæt Gen.hwæs Dat.hwǣm Acc.hwonehwæt Instr.hwȳ

Declension of Indefinite and Negative pronouns Indefinite pronouns : sum, ǣniȝ, ȝehwā, swilc, ǣlc, ǣȝber, sē ilca Negative pronouns developed from the phrases : ne+ān > nān, ne + ǣniȝ > nǣniȝ

1. –m, Dative case, Singular, Masculine and Neuter 2. –re, Genitive and Dative cases, Singular, Feminine 3. –ne, Accusative case, Singular, Masculine 4. –ra, Genitive case, Plural, three genders