CIRCULATORY AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS Science, Technology, & Society MR. CANOVA Period 11

CIRCULATORY SYSTEM Transport and Distribution Blood Vessels Components of Blood

Transport and Distribution Molecules move throughout the cardiovascular system: (all through blood vessels) – Nutrients from digested food are transported to all cells – Oxygen from the lungs is transported to all cells – Metabolic wastes (ie-CO 2 ) – Hormones – Heat is distributed to maintain a constant body temperature

Types of Blood Vessels Arteries – Carry blood away from the heart through small passages called arterioles. Capillaries – Tiny blood vessels that allow the exchange of molecules in the blood. Veins – Carry blood towards the heart through small passages called venuoles.

Lymphatic System This system collects and recycles fluids leaked from the cardiovascular system and is involved in fighting infections. It also acts as a key element in the immune system.

Components of Blood 4 Parts: – Plasma 60% of total volume of blood 90% water, 10% solutes – Red Blood Cells Carry Oxygen and Hemoglobin Lack of causes anemia. – White Blood Cells Also called leukocytes 2 for every 1000 RBC – Platelets Clot blood Mutations cause hemophilia

BLOOD TYPES 4 Major Types: – A – B – AB – O – AB are considered UNIVERSAL RECIPIENTS – O are considered UNIVERSAL DONORS – Rh Factor- antigen on surface of red blood cells

The HEART Organ made up of mostly cardiac muscle tissue which contracts to pump blood through the body. 2 circulatory loops: – Right side- Pulmonary circulation loop Release of CO 2 and Pickup of O 2 – Left side-Systemic circulation loop Pumps oxygen-rich blood and returns oxygen-poor blood

Circulation of BLOOD 1A) Superior Vena Cava – Sends O-poor blood to #2 1B) Inferior Vena Cava – Send O-poor blood to #2 2) Right Atrium 3) Right Ventricle 4) Pulmonary Arteries – Send blood to lungs 5) Pulmonary Veins – Return blood from lungs 6) Left Atrium 7) Left Ventricle 8) Aorta

Monitoring Cardiovascular System BLOOD PRESSURE: – Systolic Heart Contracts Average 120 mmHg or less – Diastolic Heart Relaxes Average 80 mmHg or less ELECTROCARDIOGRAMS: – ECG or EKG Electrical impulses PULSE: – Pressure waves inside arteries Average 70 to 90 beats per minute

PROBLEMS WITH HEART ACUTE: – Sudden Angina Heart Attack Stroke (Brain) CHRONIC: – Long term Myocarditis High Blood Pressure Stress High Cholesterol

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Gas exchange Breathing Gas Transport Diseases

THE PATHWAY OF AIR 1) Nose or Mouth – 21% of air is O 2 2) Pharynx 3) Larynx – Epiglottis covers opening 4) Trachea 5) Bronchi 6) Alveoli 7) Lungs 8) Diaphragm

BREATHING Mechanical process that draws air into and out of the lungs INHALATION- – Rib muscles contract – Chest cavity increases EXHALATION- – Rib muscles relaxes – Chest cavity decreases

Oxygen Transport 1) Oxygen is inhaled 2) Oxygen diffuses into blood 3) RBC carry Oxygen 4) Oxygen diffuses into cells 5) CO 2 diffuses to the blood 6) CO 2 travels in the blood 7) CO 2 released to the alveoli 8) CO 2 is exhaled

Carbon Dioxide Transport 7% of CO2 is dissolved in the blood plasma 23% of CO2 is attached to hemoglobin 70% of CO2 is carried to the blood as bicarbonate ions

RESPIRATORY DISEASES 1) Chronic Obstruction Pulmonary Disease (COPD) 2) EMPHYSEMA 3) CHRONIC BRONCHITIS 4) TUBERCULOSIS 5) LUNG CANCER 6) CYSTIC FIBROSIS 7) ASTHMA 8) PNEUMONIA