Multiple Alleles- Blood Typing

How common is your blood type? 46.1% 38.8% 11.1% 3.9%

Genetics of Blood Types Human blood type is determined by co-dominant alleles Antigens-proteins-exist on the surface of all of your red blood cells. Blood typesFor simplicity IAIA A IBIB B iO

Antibodies Found in the plasma Specific to a single kind of antigen Attack and kill that specific kind of antigen

What are blood types? There are 3 alleles for blood type: A, B, O Since we have 2 genes: 6 possible combinations Blood Types AA or AO = Type A BB or BO = Type B OO = Type O AB = Type AB

RBC= Red Blood Cell = antibody RBC= Red Blood Cell = antibody Antibody B- protects the body by attacking foreign B antigen blood

Scenario B

Scenario AB

Scenario O

Blood Transfusions Blood transfusions – used to replace blood lost during surgery or a serious injury or if the body can't make blood properly because of an illness. Who can give you blood? TYPE O -Universal Donors can give blood to any blood type No antigens present on RBC TYPE AB- Universal Recipients can receive any blood type No antibodies present in plasma Universal Donor Universal Recipient

Rh Factors Rhesus monkeys –contain certain similarities with humans A blood protein was discovered and present in the blood of some people The presence of the protein, or lack of it, is referred to as the Rh (for Rhesus) factor. Rh positive (Rh+) - contain the protein Rh negative (Rh-)- NOT contain the protein A+ A- B+ B- AB+ AB- O+ O- Rh factorPossible genotypes Rh + Rh + /Rh + Rh + /Rh - Rh - Rh - /Rh -