LecturePLUS Timberlake1 Chapter 3 Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Thiols.

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Presentation transcript:

LecturePLUS Timberlake1 Chapter 3 Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Thiols

LecturePLUS Timberlake Organic Compounds with Oxygen Atoms -O- or O= sp 3 sp 2.. Alcohols and ethers (Chp 3)Aldehydes and ketones (Chp 4), amides (Chp 6) Carbohydrates (Chp 7), carboxylic acids and esters (Chp 5) BOTH KINDS OF OXYGEN ATOMS IN

LecturePLUS Timberlake3 3.2 Organic Compounds with Oxygen Atoms Alcohols-OH hydroxyl CH 3 -OH CH 3 CH 2 -OH sp 3 saturated Derived from water H-O-H

LecturePLUS Timberlake4 Hydroxy groups have the same molecular shape as water Bond angle = ? Molecular shape = ? ? ?

LecturePLUS Timberlake5 3.3 Naming Alcohols A carbon compound that contain -OH (hydroxyl) group In IUPAC name, the -e in alkane name is replaced with -ol. CH 4 methane CH 3 OH methanol (methyl alcohol) CH 3 CH 3 ethane CH 3 CH 2 OH ethanol (ethyl alcohol )

LecturePLUS Timberlake6 More Names of Alcohols IUPAC names for longer chains number the chain from the end nearest the -OH group. CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH1-propanol OH CH 3 CHCH 3 2-propanol CH 3 OH CH 3 CHCH 2 CH 2 CHCH 3 5-methyl-2-hexanol

LecturePLUS Timberlake7 Name and locate any other substituents present CH 3 OH CH 3 CHCH 2 CH 2 CHCH 3 5-methyl-2-hexanol In cyclic alcohols the –OH is attached to carbon 1

LecturePLUS Timberlake8 In cyclic alcohols the –OH is attached to carbon 1 2-methylcyclohexanol Naming alcohols that contain C=C and rings …

LecturePLUS Timberlake9 Alcohols with more than one hydroxyl antifreeze HO-CH 2 -CH 2 -OH 1,2-ethanediol (ethylene glycol) OH glycerolHO-CH 2 -CH-CH 2 OH glycerin 1,2,3-propanetriol IUPAC name?

LecturePLUS Timberlake Isomerism in alcohols CH 3 OH CH 3 CHCH 2 CH 2 CHCH 3 5-methyl-2-hexanol CH 3 OH CH 3 CHCH 2 CHCH 2 CH 3 5-methyl-3-hexanol

LecturePLUS Timberlake11 1.Constitutional isomerism 2.Skeletal isomerism 3.Positional isomerism 4.Stereoisomerism

LecturePLUS Timberlake12 Learning Check Name the following alcohols: A. OH CH 3 CHCHCH 2 CH 3 CH 3 OH B.

LecturePLUS Timberlake13 Solution Name the following alcohols: A. OH 3-methyl-2-pentanol CH 3 CHCHCH 2 CH 3 CH 3 OH B. cyclobutanol

LecturePLUS Timberlake Common alcohols OH Isopropyl CH 3 CHCH 3 rubbing alcohol Alcohol antiseptic CH 3 OH CH 3 CH 2 OH methanol ethanol

LecturePLUS Timberlake Common alcohols (cont.) ethylene glycol HO-CH 2 -CH 2 -OH (antifreeze) OH glycerolHO-CH 2 -CH-CH 2 OH (in soap, cosmetics) propylene glycol HO-CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 3 OH (drug formulations, cosmetics)