Colligative Properties. Definition Properties that depend on the concentration of a solution no matter what the solute’s identity is.

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Presentation transcript:

Colligative Properties

Definition Properties that depend on the concentration of a solution no matter what the solute’s identity is

Boiling Point Elevation A solute lowers the vapor pressure, therefore a solution must be heated to a higher temperature in order to boil ΔT = K B m ΔT – amount of elevation K B – constant for a given solvent m – molality

Example A solution consisting of g of glucose in g of water elevates the boiling point to ºC. What is the molar mass of glucose?

Freezing Point Depression A solute lowers the vapor pressure of the solvent At lower vapor pressure, the rate of melting is higher than the rate of crystallization ΔT = K F m

Example What mass of ethylene glycol (C 2 H 6 O 2 ), the main component of antifreeze, must be added to 10.0L of water to produce a solution in the car’s radiator that freezes at –23.3ºC?

Example A chemist is trying to identify a human hormone by determining it’s molar mass. A sample weighing.546 g was dissolved in 15.0 g of benzene, and the freezing point depression was determined to be.240ºC. What is it’s molar mass?