11 Structure and Function in Animals and Plants S8.B1.1.1,2,4 Unit 2 Lesson 2

22 Organization in Multicellular Organisms : Simple to Complex Cells are differentiated Specialized to perform certain jobs Can look very different from one another Tissue (ex. Muscle tissue) group of similar cells that work together to perform a particular function Organ (ex. Heart) A group of 2 or more tissues that work together to perform a particular function Organ System (ex Circulatory System) A group of related organs that work together to perform a particular function transport oxygen and nutrients throughout the body

33 Cell Organ System OrganTissueOrganism 1. muscle cell Tissue2. 3. Stomach (organ) 4. Digestive System 5. Organism

44 1. Muscle Tissue -Contract for Movement & Support B. Skeletal muscle - voluntary (works when you want it to) C. Cardiac Muscle - Only found in the heart - Involuntary (works all the time) D. Smooth Muscle - involuntary (works all the time) 2. Nerve Tissue -Gives signals to muscles, informs us of environmental conditions (hot, cold) - Found in Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves 3. Epithelial Tissue - Lines our organs 4. Connective Tissue - Connects, supports, and protects other tissues - ligaments, tendons, cartilage, bone, blood, fibers (organ walls)

5 Animal and Plant Cells Cells contain organelles that do a certain function in a cell Animal cells do not have chloroplasts and cell walls Cell Parts Interactive

66 Body Plans Symmetric Body Plan: Bilateral symmetry (has a left, right, front, back side) All vertebrates (backbone) have this some invertebrates (no backbone) Insects have bilateral symmetry Radial symmetry (body parts radiate out from a central point) Some invertebrates have radial symmetry

7 Radial vs Bilateral Symmetry

8 Circulatory Systems 1.Closed Vertebrates have this type Blood flows through the body in a network of small and large blood vessels 2. Open Some Invertebrates (insects, crustaceans, and mollusks) Blood empties from large blood vessels into a body cavity

9 Vascular Plants Include trees, bushes, grasses, and ferns Can grow tall Plants that move water and nutrients through vascular tissue (the plants circulatory system) Tube-like structures that move water and nutrients through the roots, stems, and leaves

10 2 Kinds of Vascular Tissue: 1.Xylem moves water from the roots to the rest of the plant 2. Phloem Moves sugars (food) that are made in the leaves to the rest of the plant StructureFunction RootAnchors the plant and takes water and minerals from the soil LeavesCaptures sunlight. Takes in oxygen for respiration StemsSupports the plant and connects roots to leaves

11 Nonvascular Plants Include mosses and liverworts No vascular tissue Can not grow tall Do not have true roots, stems, and leaves Grow in moist areas so they are close to water Move water and nutrients through a process called Diffusion the process by which molecules spread from areas of high concentration, to areas of low concentration. When the molecules are even throughout a space - it is called EQUILIBRIUM