What’s going to kill you?

What will you die of?

Objective- what are the global patterns of disease and what influences the spread of disease?

What sub-questions do we need to ask..

Who is more likely to get sick?

What is more likely to kill you? Tuberculosis BilharziaCancer HIV/AIDS Malaria Dengue Diabetes Coronary heart disease Alzheimers Diorrhoea Neo-natal infections Road traffic accidents Alcohol

Optional unit F: The Geography of food and health Part 3 - Disease Global patterns of disease Explain the global distribution of diseases of affluence Explain the global distribution of diseases of poverty

Key terms Prevalence Prevalence – the number of cases (of a particular disease) per 10,000population. Incidence Incidence – the number of confirmed cases annually Communicable diseases Communicable diseases – those which are infectious, e.g. malaria, HIV/AIDS Non-communicable diseases Non-communicable diseases – those that are degenerative, e.g. heart disease, cancer

How are diseases spread? Some are passed from direct contact e.g. Some are passed via water or the air e.g. Some are passed by a third party e.g. What is contagious diffusion? What is hierarchal diffusion? What is expansion diffusion What is relocation diffusion? Some are germ based and some bacterial based

Add ten more diseases to this list Tuberculosis BilharziaCancer HIV/AIDS Malaria Dengue Diabetes Coronary heart disease Alzheimers Diorrhoea Neo-natal infections Road traffic accidents Alcohol

How can diseases be classified?

Disease E.g. malaria, cancer, heart disease etc. Type E.g. infectious, parasitic, viral, etc. Means of transmission E.g. mosquito, water, food, sexual Duration E.g. Gradual, sudden or rapid onset etc. Note – this is not an exhaustive list of classification categories

Diseases of poverty Infectious or communicable diseases Usually contagious and transmitted through close human contact or through VECTORS (transmitters such as insects). Spread rapidly in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions associated with poverty. Examples: malaria, diarrhoeal diseases, HIV/AIDS

Diseases of affluence Non-communicable, chronic diseases Degenerative diseases; often associated with old age but also affecting young people now too Factors such as smoking, high energy diet (e.g. high fat/salt/sugar), low levels of physical activity, high alcohol consumption and exposure to air pollution in urban areas – are thought to induce degenerative diseases at a much earlier age, such as Examples: heart disease, stroke, chronic respiratory failure, cancer

The epidemiological transition model p.273 Using p.273 of the IB Geography course companion, describe what the epidemiological transition model is. How does the ETM relate to diseases of poverty and diseases of affluence?

Critically evaluate the use of the terms “disease of affluence” and “disease of poverty”

Does where we live affect how healthy we are?

Research

Tuberculosis cases in 2003 source: worldmapper TB

What factors, that are linked to where we live, might affect how healthy we are? HDI Health expenditure Level of education Latitude (e.g. tropical diseases) Disparities within countries Cultural attitudes towards disease – e.g. “healers” and peoples’ attitude towards them. Are there fewer people getting X disease or is it just not diagnosed? Globalisation – and the movement of people – e.g. people getting SARS and the H1N1 virus from Mexico This list is by no means exhaustive!! Add a sentence to each and add six more.. Does where we live affect how healthy we are?

Mapping diseases Find a map of your continent Choose 5 countries (try to get a range within the continent) Find out whether these countries are LICs, NICs, or HICs (to help you, find their rating on the HDI, 2011) Using the WHO website, find some stats about diseases in your 5 countries (go to the data/stats section and then look at individual countries’ data on the WHO website) Answer the following questions: To what extent does an individual’s geographic location affect their health? (10m) Use the student work to answer the question…. b713f6b b713f6b5950