Thermoplastic Elastomers with Complex Macromolecular Architectures 179 Technical Meeting, April 18-20,2011, Akron, OH Nikos Hadjichristidis, University of Athens, Greece

Acknowledgements Professor Jimmy Mays, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, USA Assoc. Professor Sam Gido, UMASS Amherst, USA Professor Roland Weidisch, Martin-Luther University at Halle, Germany Assoc. Professor Ermis Iatrou, University of Athens, Greece Assoc. professor Marinos Pitsikalis,University of Athens, Greece Dr George Koutalas, University of Athens, Greece Dr Gabriel Velis, University of Athens, Greece Many Thanks to the Rubber Division of ACS Special Thanks to Professor Roderic Quirk

STRENTH OF ANIONIC POLYMERIZATION  No Termination (Trully Living) Well-Defined polymers(Low Molecular, Structural, Compositional Dispersity, Control of MW up to a Few Hundred Thousands)  Compatible with Dienes (Butadiene, Isoprene,2-Methyl-pentadiene) Control of Microstructure (1,2; 1,4; cis and trans, Polyolefins by H 2 )  Not a Method of Choice in Industry. Many Steps under inert and Clean Atmosphere, Time Consuming  Only if it is Necessary, e.g. KRATONS Why is Important for Industrial Application? Model Polymers, Structure-Properties relationships

Synthesis and Properties of Well-Defined Non-Linear Homo(rheology) and Block Copolymers (morphology and micellization) Prog. Polym. Sci.,24, 875 (1999); Chem. Rev., 101, 3747 (2001) Prog. Polym. Sci.,30, 725 (2005); Adv. Polym. Sci., 189, 1 (2005), Chem. Rev., 109, 5528 (2009) Monomers: St, Bd, Is, 2VP, MMA, HIC, D 3, NCAs Multiarm Stars Dumbell Dendritic Polymers wdLDPE Dendritic BC MMP PBocLL-PBLG-PBocLL

Dendritic G2 (or Star),G3 Combs Dendritic Polymers G2, G3 wd-LDPE (Models) α,ω-Branched Stars r-Combs MODEL POLYETHYLENES (Complex MA) Low MW and Structural Dispersity Understand the Behavior and Improve the Performance wd-PE (Models) LDPE: Tree-like. High MW and Structural Dispersity Exact Combs

Block-Comb Copolymers Block-Graft Copolymers

Block-Double-Graft Co- and Terpolymers Macromolecules, 29, 7022 (1996); 31, 5690 (1998); 31, 6697 (1998); 31, 7659 (1998); 33, 2039 (2000); 34, 6333 (2001); 35, 5903 (2002); 41, 4565 (2008); 42, 4155 (2009) Eur. Polym. J., 44, 3790 (2008); 45, 2902 (2009) Macromol. Symp., 215, 111 (2004); 233, 42 (2006) Polymer, 50, 6297 (2009)

Synthesis ofBlock-Double-Graft Co- and Terpolymers

Monitoring the synthesis of the BDG polymers by SEC

Molecular Characteristics of Block-Double-Graft Terpolymers BDG5 BDG6, BDG7, HDG BDG1 to BDG4

Morphological Characteristics of Block-Double-Graft Terpolymers BDG5 BDG6, BDG7, HDG BDG1 to BDG4

SAXS TEM χN (BDG1-BDG3): ); BDG4: 0.27 PBd-1,4/PBd-1,2: One Phase BDG1 to BDG4 1 st Group BDG1 similar to BDG3

BDG5 SAXS Totally disorder state χN ~ 3 Asymmetric : 11 vol % PBd-1,2 2 nd Group

3 rd Group TEM SAXS BDG6, BDG7, HDG Symmetric: ~ 50 vol % (total PDs) BDG7 similar

Stress-strain curves for (1) BDG6, 9 junction points, branch mol. weight g/mol; (2) BDG7, 3 junction points, branch molecular weight g/mol; (3) HDG, 9 junction points, branch molecular weight g/mol; (4) Kraton D1101; and (5) PI-g-PS 2 multigraft copolymer with 9 junction points, branch molecular weight g/mol. BDG6, BDG7, HDG

Block-Comb/Graft Copolymers PS-PI I x -PS PS S 5 -PI I x -PS S 5 PS-PI SI x -PS Macromolecules, 38, 4996 (2005); 40, 5835 (2007); J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem., 43, 4030 (2005); 43, 4040 (2005) KGK-Kautschuk Gummi Kunststoffe, 61, 597 (2008)

Synthesis of PS-PI I x -PS Copolymers

Monitoring the Synthesis of Monitoring the Synthesis of PS-PI I 10 -PS by SEC PI branch PI macromonomer PS block PS-PI I 5 copolymerPS-b-(PI-g-PI)-b-PS Fract. PS-b-(PI-g-PI)-b-PS

Molecular Characteristics of the PS-PI I x -PS Copolymers Sample PS blockPI branchFinal Copolymer M w a (x10 -3 ) I bI b I bI b M n c (x10 -3 ) M w a (x10 -3 ) I bI b I dI d %wt PS e PS-PI I PS-PI I PS-PI I PS-PI I 10 -PS PS-PI I 20 -PS PS-PI I 40 -PS a: SEC-TALLS in THF at 35 ο C; b: SEC in THF at 35 ο C; c: Membrane Osmometry in toluene at 40 ο C; d: Calculated from M w and M n, e: 1H NMR in CDCl3 at 30 ο C

Synthesis of PS S 5 -PI I x -PS S 5 Copolymers

Monitoring the Synthesis of Monitoring the Synthesis of PS S 5 -PI I 10 -PS S 5 PS branchPS macromon. PS S block PI branchPI macromon. (PS-g-PS)-b-(PI-b-PI) (PS-g-PS)-b-(PI-b-PI)-b-(PS-g-PS) Fraction. PS S 5 -PI I 10 -PS S 5

Molecular Characteristics of PS S 5 -PI I x -PS S 5 Copolymers Sample PS S blockPI branchFinal Copolymer M w a (x10 -3 ) I bI b I bI b M n c (x10 -3 ) M w a (x10 -3 ) I bI b I dI d %wt PS e PS S 5 -PI I PS S 5 -PI I PS S 5 -PI I PS S 5 -PI I 10 - PS S PS S 5 -PI I 20 - PS S a: SEC-TALLS in THF at 35 ο C; b: SEC in THF at 35 ο C; c: Membrane Osmometry in toluene at 40 ο C; d: Calculated from M w and M n; e: 1 H NMR in CDCl 3 at 30 ο C PS branchesPS S block M w a (x10 -3 )I bI b Number of branches M w a (x10 -3 )I bI b

Synthesis of PS-PI SI x -PS Copolymers

Monitoring the Synthesis of Monitoring the Synthesis of PS-PI S I4 -PS by SEC PS arm block PS-b-PI armPS-b-PI macromon. PS-b-[PI-g-(PI-b-PS)] PS block of the bb PS-b-[PI-g-(PI-b-PS)]-b-PS Fractionated PS-b-[PI-g-(PI-b-PS)]-b-PS

Molecular Characteristics PS-PI SI x -PS Copolymers Sample PS blockPS armPS-PI armFinal Copolymer M w a (x10 -3 ) I bI b I bI b I bI b M n c (x10 -3 ) M w a (x10 -6 ) I bI b I dI d %wt PS e PS-PI SI PS-PI SI PS-PI SI 4 - PS a: SEC-TALLS in THF at 35 ο C; b: SEC in THF at 35 ο C; c: Membrane Osmometry in toluene at 40 ο C; d: Calculated from M w and M n; e: 1 H NMR in CDCl 3 at 30 ο C

ΤΕΜ Results SampleΦ PS M n x χΝMorphology PS-PI I PS cylinders in PI matrix PS-PI I PS cylinders in PI matrix PS-PI I PS cylinders in PI matrix PS-PI I 10 -PS PS cylinders in PI matrix PS-PI I 20 -PS PS cylinders in PI matrix PS-PI I 40 -PS PS cylinders in PI matrix PS S 5 -PI I PS cylinders in PI matrix PS S 5 -PI I PS cylinders in PI matrix PS S 5 -PI I PS cylinders in PI matrix PS S 5 -PI I 10 -PS S PS cylinders in PI matrix PS S 5 -PI I 20 -PS S PS cylinders in PI matrix PS-PI SI PS cylinders in PI matrix χ SI = at 120 ο C ρ PS = 1.05 g/cm 3 at 120 ο C ρ PI = 0.91 g/cm 3 at 120 ο C

PS S 5 -PI I 5 (φ PS = 0.18) PS S 5 -PI I 10 -PS S 5 (φ PS = 0.18)

Stress-Strain Behavior of Block-Comb/Graft Copolymers Influence of the Architecture Kraton D1101

Conclusions  Anionic Polymerization High Vacuum Techniques Lead to Well-Defined Thermoplastic Elastomers with Complex Macromolecular Architectures  These Novel Thermoplastic Elastomers Show Interesting Mechanical Properties  Strain at Break Can Greatly Exceed Those of Commercial TPE