Lead in General Industry

Applicability v The regulation on lead applies to all occupational exposure to lead, except for the construction industry and agricultural operations 1a

Applicability v Definitions LeadLead Action levelAction level Permissible exposure limitPermissible exposure limit 1b

Processes that use lead Exposure to lead occurs in at least 120 different occupations including: v Primary and secondary lead smelting v Lead storage battery manufacturing 2a

Processes that use lead v Lead pigment manufacturing and use v Solder manufacturing and use v Shipbuilding/repairing 2b

Processes that use lead v Auto manufacturing v Printing 2c

Exposure monitoring v Initial monitoring Required when lead is present in any quantityRequired when lead is present in any quantity Monitor a representative number of employeesMonitor a representative number of employees The sample must be collected for one full shift for at least 7 hoursThe sample must be collected for one full shift for at least 7 hours 3a

Exposure monitoring v Initial monitoring Sample must be representative of a regular, daily exposureSample must be representative of a regular, daily exposure Sample represents an exposure without the use of a respiratorSample represents an exposure without the use of a respirator 3b

Exposure monitoring v Positive initial determination v Negative initial determination 3c

Exposure monitoring v Frequency of exposure monitoring v Employee notification process 3d

Methods of compliance v Engineering controls v Work practice controls v Mechanical ventilation v Administrative controls 4a

Respiratory protection v Situations requiring the use of respiratory protection v Selection process v Proper usage of respirators 5a

Respiratory protection v Review Appendix D of (qualitative fit tests) v Respirator program 5b

Compliance program v Workers can examine or copy the written program v Written programs are revised/updated every 6 months 6a

Compliance program Written programs should include the following items: v Each operation from which lead is emitted v Description of the specific means of reducing exposures 6b

Compliance program v Air monitoring data v Detailed schedule of program implementation v Work practice programs 6c

Compliance program v Administration control schedule v Other relevant information 6d

Protective clothing and equipment v Used if the exposure, regardless of the use of respirators is greater than the PEL, or if skin or eye irritation exists 7a

Protective clothing and equipment v Types of protective clothing to be used: CoverallsCoveralls Gloves, hats, shoes, disposable shoe coverletsGloves, hats, shoes, disposable shoe coverlets Face shields, vented goggles, other appropriate protective equipmentFace shields, vented goggles, other appropriate protective equipment 7b

Protective clothing and equipment v Protective clothing is provided on a weekly basis, or daily if the exposure is greater than 200 micrograms/cubic meter of air 7c

Protective clothing and equipment v Removal of protective equipment at the end of the shift v Designated closed containers 7d

Protective clothing and equipment v Container labeling should read: 7e

Protective clothing and equipment v Never remove lead from clothing by blowing, shaking, or any other means v Persons who launder must be informed of the potential harmful effects of lead exposure 7f

Hygiene facilities and practices v No food or beverage, tobacco products, or cosmetics may be used in areas that exceed the PEL v Change rooms and separate storage facilities for protective clothing 8a

Hygiene facilities and practices v Employees working in an area with an exposure level greater than the PEL must shower at the end of the work shift v Procedures for lunchroom use v Lavatory facilities use 8b

Housekeeping procedures v Housekeeping procedures can increase the amount of lead exposure v Establish a program that keeps all surfaces clean of accumulations of lead dust 9a

Medical surveillance v Medical surveillance is required whenever employees are exposed above the action level for more than 30 days per year 10a

Medical surveillance v Medical exams and procedures are done by, or under the supervision of, a licensed physician at no cost to the employee, and at a reasonable place and time 10b

Biological monitoring v Sampling frequency 11a

Biological monitoring v Employees receive written notification of test results within 5 working days of employer receipt of the results when the blood lead level exceeds either: 11b

Biological monitoring v 40 micrograms/100 grams of whole blood; or the v medical removal value of 60 micrograms/per 100 grams of whole blood 11c

Medical examinations and consultations v Frequency of examinations/consultations 12a

Medical examinations and consultations Medical examinations include: v medical history v work history v thorough physical examination 12b

Medical examinations and consultations v blood pressure measurement v blood sample and analysis v routine urinalysis v other tests deemed necessary 12c

Medical examinations and consultations v Employees have the right to select a second physician: to review findings, determination, or recommendations of the initial physicianto review findings, determination, or recommendations of the initial physician to conduct examinations, consultations, and lab work that the second physician deems necessaryto conduct examinations, consultations, and lab work that the second physician deems necessary 12d

Medical examinations and consultations v Procedures for obtaining a second physician's review and resolving differences in: findingsfindings determinationsdeterminations recommendationsrecommendations 12e

Medical examinations and consultations v Findings, determinations, or recommendations of the third physician will be followed unless the employee and employer come to an agreement on one of the three physician’s recommendations 12f

Medical examinations and consultations v Information provided to physicians upon request a copy of the regulationa copy of the regulation a description of employee’s dutiesa description of employee’s duties employee exposure levelsemployee exposure levels PPE to be usedPPE to be used prior blood lead determinationsprior blood lead determinations prior written medical opinionsprior written medical opinions 12g

Medical examinations and consultations v Information contained in written medical opinions v Chelation 12h

Employee medical removal and return to work v Conditions that can cause temporary medical removal v Worker’s return to former job status v Medical removal benefit protection 13a

Training v Who needs training? v Types of training v Workers exposed to airborne lead at any level - Review Appendices A and B of 29 CFR a

Training v Workers exposed to airborne lead at or above the action level v Frequency of training v Training materials 14b

Signs and markings v Text for warning signs should read as follows: 15a

Recordkeeping v Contents of exposure monitoring records v Procedures for medical surveillance records 16a

Recordkeeping v Maintenance of medical removal records v Medical records must be made available to employees 16b

Exposure monitoring v All protective measures must be followed v Measurement procedures 17a

Exposure monitoring v Employees have a right to observe monitoring v Employees can record results or receive copies of results 17b

How lead enters the body v Inhalation v Ingestion v Generally not absorbed through skin 18a

Effects of acute overexposure v Large dosages can kill in a matter of days v Acute encephalopathy can lead to seizures, coma, and cardiorespiratory arrest 19a

Effects of chronic overexposure Damage to: v Blood-forming system v Nervous system v Kidneys v Urinary system v Reproductive systems 20a

Purpose of the standard, program, and training v Prevent adverse effects of lead exposure 21a

Signs and symptoms of overexposure v Loss of appetite v Metallic taste v Anxiety v Constipation 22a

Signs and symptoms of overexposure v Nausea v Pallor v Excessive tiredness v Weakness 22b

Signs and symptoms of overexposure v Insomnia v Headaches v Nervous irritability v Muscle and joint pain or soreness 22c

Signs and symptoms of overexposure v Fine tremors v Numbness v Dizziness 22d

Signs and symptoms of overexposure v Hyperactivity v Colic 22e

Summary of main points v PEL and action level v Exposure monitoring v Methods of compliance v Respiratory protection 23a

Summary of main points v Protective work clothing and equipment v Housekeeping v Hygiene facilities and practices v Medical surveillance 23b

Summary of main points v Medical removal protection v Training v Warning signs v Recordkeeping 23c

Summary of main points v Ways of entry into the body v Signs and symptoms of overexposure v Effects of overexposure 23d