Human Resource Management Lecture 32 MGT 350 1

Topic Revision Lecture

Summary What is stress? What are stressors? Positive and negative stress. Symptoms of stress.(Physiological symptoms, Psychological symptoms, Behavioral symptoms. How to Reduce stress? Type A and Type B Behaviors. Burnout (Chronic Stress. ) Employee assistance programs. Wellness programs. (Programs to keep employees healthy; include smoking cessation, physical fitness, weight control, etc. ) International Safety and Health (First Aid Box, Vaccination etc.) 3

Summary Union Impact of unionization Labor contracts typically stipulate: (wages, hours, terms and conditions of employment, limit, management’s discretion Why Employees Join Unions (Higher wages and benefits, Greater job security, Influence over work rules, Compulsory membership) Union shops Agency shops Collective Bargaining Objective and Scope of Collective Bargaining (wages, hours, terms and conditions of employment, grievance procedure ) The Collective Bargaining Process – Preparation – Negotiations – Agreement – Union ratification – Contract administration 4

Summary Grievance : A complaint-resolving process contained in union contracts. Grievance procedure :A complaint-resolving process contained in union contracts. Monitoring Grievance procedures – Grievance (rights) arbitration – Conciliation and mediation Strikes versus lockouts – Economic strikes - labor and management cannot reach agreement before the current contract expires. – Wildcat strikes - unauthorized and illegal strikes that occur because of worker dissatisfaction during an existing contract. 5

Summary Lockouts - when organizations deny unionized workers access to their jobs during an impasse. Union membership: Where have the members gone? Labor-Management Cooperation – Some unions recognize that they can gain more by cooperating with management rather than fighting. Sunshine laws in some states mandate that labor-management negotiations be open to the public. Unionized Percentage 6

Summary The Industrial Revolution Time and Motion Studies for one best way. Abraham H. Maslow Theory. Theory X and Y. Japanese Type Organization. American Type Organization. The Hawthorne Effect. TQM—Total Quality Management. Hygiene Factors. David McClelland’s Three-Needs Theory. J. Stacey Adams Equity Theory. 7

Summary International HRM Globalization of Business and HR Reasons for Globalization of Businesses International HRM Concerns Factors Affecting Global HR Management Traditional Expatriate, older and experienced, selected for experience and knowledge International Cadre, individuals who move from one assignment to another Permanent Expatriate, employees who are permanently assigned to overseas locations Young Expatriate, needs experience, is sent for rotating assignments Temporary Expatriate, goes on short assignments – host-country nationals (HCNs) – parent-country nationals (PCNs) – third-country nationals (TCNs) Global Employee Selection Factors Expatriate Failure Expatriate Adjustment Stages 8

Summary What is change. why do we require change. You have to be comfortable with the change before you can get others to change. People can’t (or don’t want to) change when they don’t understand. – What, why, how, You can’t intervene until you understand the situation. Resistance is part of the change process. – Work with it. Address change at all three levels to be successful. Sustainable change occurs in steps. – Define your priorities. Don’t take on too much at once. – Prerequisites for Change – An Effective Change Sponsor Must Have 9

Summary Knowledge Management Knowledge Hierarchy Explicit knowledge Tacit knowledge Knowledge Management Systematic and active management of ideas, information, and knowledge residing within organization’s employees Organizational Learning Knowledge Management Initiatives Approaches to Knowledge Management Factors Leading to Success and Failure of Systems 9-10

Summary Labour Laws In Pakistan The Constitution of Pakistan The Payment of Wages Registration of trade union is to be made under the Industrial Relations Ordinance Collective Bargaining Agent and Agreement Collective Labour Disputes Equal Employment Practices in Pakistan “EEO speaks of the equality of every human being (irrespective of gender, religion, caste, ethnicity, color, age, physical disability etc) while considering a candidate before, during and after employment” 11

Summary An open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals) Why Conflict Arises Personality A and B Aggressive People Submissive people Types of Conflict Within an individual Between two individuals Within a team of individuals Between two or more teams within an organization Stages of Conflict Conflict arises Positions are stated and hardened Actions, putting into action their chosen plan Resolution? Understanding Conflict Management Styles Which one is best? 12

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