Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Definitions, Names, Standards, and Informational Sources Jeanelle F. Jimenez RN, BSN, CCRN Chapter 1

Slide 2 Foundations of Pharmacology Pharmacology deals with the study of drugs and their actions or effects Greek in origin meaning drugs and science Therapeutic methods are approaches to treating illnesses  Diet therapy  Drug therapy  Physiotherapy  Psychotherapy Therapeutic methods are often used in combination Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Slide 3 Naming of Drugs Chemical Name Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Naming of Drugs (cont’d) Generic name  Important to know since formularies use them  First letter not capitalized Official name  Listed by FDA Brand or trademark  Registered by manufacturer  Capitalized Slide 4 Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Resources for Drug Information Official source for American Drug Standards  The United States Pharmacopeia (USP)/ National Formulary (NF)  USP Dictionary of USAN and International Drug Names Sources for prescription and nonprescription drugs Sources for drug interactions and drug incompatibilities Health on the Net Foundation (HON)  Ensures accuracy of health information found on a web site Slide 5 Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Slide 6 Legislation Regarding Drug Use Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (1938, 1952, 1962) Controlled Substances Act (1970)  Defined five classifications or schedules of controlled substances  Schedule I  Schedule II  Schedule III  Schedule IV  Schedule V Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Slide 7 Developing and Marketing New Drugs Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Drugs Used During Pregnancy Drugs known to cause birth defects are called teratogenic Categories  A – studies show no risk to fetus  B – studies show an adverse effect but no risk to fetus  C – no adequate information to assess risk to fetus at this time  D – studies demonstrated risk to fetus  X – studies demonstrated positive fetal abnormalities; contraindicated in pregnancy Slide 8 Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Slide 9 Sources of Drug Information (Canada) Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties (CPS) Patient Self-Care: Helping Patients Make Therapeutic Choices Compendium of Self-Care Products (CSCP) Therapeutic Choices Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.

Nursing Responsibilities Food and Drugs Act (1927), Food and Drug Regulations (1953, 1954, 1979) – protect the public in Canada through the Therapeutic Products Directorate Schedule F – drugs that require a prescription and are not under the controlled drugs schedule Controlled Drugs and Substance Act (1997) – establishes requirements for the control and sale of narcotics and substances of abuse in Canada Slide 10 Mosby items and derived items © 2010, 2007, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.