Sustainable Intensification of Maize-Legumes-Livestock Farming Systems in Eastern and Southern Africa

Outline Process Context CN: goals, objectives, outputs Geographic focus: constraints Research Impact pathway: hypotheses Operationalization

USAID planning meeting for ESA, Addis Ababa, October 2011: research agenda Input from researchers: Hombolo Agriculture Research Institute: mid Nov 2011 Writing team exchange: end Nov 2011 Process

Context FtF Tz reducing poverty & improving nutrition key investments: Morogoro (rice); Manyara and Dodoma (maize); Arusha, Kilima, Tanga, Zan, Dar, Morogoro, Iringa, Mbeya (hort) FtF Global transformation of agricultural systems through SI Proposed research links to CGIARs international research: CRP 1.1 and 1.2 integration of components for SI Research builds on SIMLESA

Goal, purpose Increase agric. productivity growth, economic growth, food production, food and nutrition security, NRM and reduce poverty: in FtF areas (Gvt/CAADP) Increase productivity of maize-legume-livestock production systems, resilience and agro- ecosystems services Services: provisioning food/non-food; water; soil conservation, soil nutrient supply and cycling; soil health and structure; carbon sequestration; biodiversity; climate change

Participatory diagnosis, characterization of agro-ecologies, farming systems, land use, gender, market; research priorities (O1) Integrated options for assembling crop, agro- forestry, livestock technologies for SI (O2) Integrated options for value chains, institutional, policy innovations for SI (farm-market) (O3) Marketing and institutional/policy options for scaling up and out SI (village-district-region- national-neighbouring countries) (O4) Capacity built (O5) Objectives, Outputs

Geographic focus

FTF Target Areas: Chronic Food Insecurity and Poverty with High- Growth Potential 8 Tanga Morogoro Pwani Dodoma Manyara Zanzibar Dar Es Salaam Kilimanjaro Arusha Maize Rice Horticulture Mbeya Iringa

Crops and livestock Maize in 3 zones (sorghum, millets, cassava, sweet potatoes, potatoes, rice); sunflower, simsim (cash crops) Legumes: pigeon pea, groundnuts, cowpeas, beans, soybeans; (lablab) Vegetables: tomatoes, onions, indigenous veg., garlic Livestock: cattle (dairy); goats (dairy); poultry; (sheep, pig)

Constraints: Crops: Gender Information constraints: farmers, extension, seed companies, agro-dealers, social planners Certified seed of improved varieties: availability, access and affordability/profitability, quality Natural factors: infertile soils, erratic rainfall, pests and diseases, weeds (striga); inorganic fertilizers; irrigation Extension personnel, methods (messages/media) Mechanization: hand-hoe, ox plough, power tillers Marketing: efficiency, bargaining power

Constraints: Crops: Gender Post-harvest management, value addition (storage, processing) Credit: collateral Transportation/access roads Policies (marketing grades and standards, variety registration, foundation seed, input quality control, subsidies)

Constraints: Livestock: Gender Information constraints: farmers, extension, NGOs Breeds: Access and affordability/profitability Diseases (e.g. East Coast fever; tick-borne (cattle); worms, foot rot, mange (goats): Lack of dips, clinics Lack of pasture/feed (drought season) Marketing Veterinary extension Government policies (marketing, land use, land tenure)

Research Framework: Build on- going: Many..e.g. AEI Genotype X Environment X Management Farm Landscape Market

Research: Build on-going GIS mapping, baselines Participatory evaluation of integrated best bets (RCT) Evaluate VC innovations to support SI Assess scalability Capacity building: Farmers, extension, traders, government decision makers

Inputs Outcomes: Change agents (researchers, extension, NGOs, farmers' groups, agribusiness firms, traders, government) Outcomes: Farmers Awareness, adoption, efficiency, productivity, profitability Impact: food security, incomes, nutrition, poverty, NRM Impact: aggregate area, yield, production, productivity, incomes, poverty Outputs Characterization Production systems Value chains Up-scaling Capacity built

Hypotheses Integrating research products and development interventions generates synergies among market access, on-farm productivity and NRM Improves delivery of services to farmers Increases adoption by farmers Generates impact on outcomes of interest farm level (efficiency, yields, profits, NRM) Generates impact on welfare (incomes, consumption, nutrition, health, gender, NRM) Generates impact at aggregate level : spillovers

Operationalization Task forces Research area: Diagnostics & characterization & gender; integration of components& gender; value chains & gender; scaling out & gender Research issues: Maize-legumes-vegetables; +livestock-tree-fodder; NRM-plant health; Scaling out (Gender cross cutting) Design in continental context

Conclusions Systems-based, multidisciplinary, multicentre, multi-stakeholder approach focusing on maize- legumes-livestock to improving livelihoods in FTF area Research to test, address multiple, interacting, multilevel constraints building on-going activities Innovative research methods (RCT) Expected impacts at large scale through partnerships

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