Plant Breeding Pipelines in the CCRP

Crucifers: Broccoli Brussels sprouts Cabbage Cauliflower Chinese cabbage Collards Kale Mustard Radish Rutabaga Turnip

Recent decades of formal crop improvement Breeding plants that can take advantage of fertilizer, irrigation and mechanization Focus on yield, uniformity in a few crops Increasing privatization & centralization Molecular technologies Lots of other technical innovations Broader range of crops Participatory approaches and other methods innovations

CCRP principles – how do they apply to crop improvement projects?

CCRP niche 1: Whom do we serve? More market access Less market access High resource endowment Low resource endowment Equity Food security and poverty reduction Environmental and social sustainability

CCRP niche 2: What crops? International markets Self-provisioning Cash crop value chains Diverse local crops Local markets Mixed Cultural value Nutritional outcomes

CCRP niche 3: AEI through CoP Global Local SystemsComponents Pest-resistant germplasm of crop X: genetics and pre-breeding Participatory selection of desirable and pest- resistant varieties of crop X in location Y Managing pest and other risk in location Y Combining resistance + diversity to lower pest pressure Pest management principles and options

GxE and beyond Genotype by environment interaction (GxE) GxE  G x E x M x S Option by context (OxC) Better understanding of social and biophysical heterogeneity GIS tools and spatial skills to support better understanding and utilization of GxE… Farmer typologies Gender analysis Markets - diversification

Breeding pipeline frameworks Options (Genotypes, methods) Contexts (Environments, people, management, policies; constraints & opportunities for the program, crop, people) Goals---Variability---Trialing--Release---Dissemination

Breeding pipeline frameworks Principles …Inclusion, AEI, contextualization, coherence Goals---Variability---Trialing--Release---Dissemination

Goals Parents Recombination Selection Fixation More selection Seed system Real life Germplasm

Hopes for the workshop Ideas and plans for improving breeding programs Build skills For self-critique; critical friendship For using biodiversity, METs, FRNs Deepen understanding and capacity for AEI-oriented PB programs How can PB improve system performance? Strengthen awareness of farmers’ roles and rights; breeders’ engagement strategies. Relevance of FRNs. Identify key policy issues affecting our work Build cross-CCRP Plant Breeding Working Group

Frontiers Germplasm Deep analysis of collections Wide crosses to create novel diversity Genotyping Molecular marker methods  genotyping by sequencing Tracking specific alleles at certain genes  Tracking all alleles at all loci (genomic selection) Generating novel diversity Recombination Mutation, genome editing Transgenesis Phenotyping High-throughput, automated systems in lab, greenhouse Remote sensing for field Sensors for different physiological issues Multi-environment trials GIS to optimize selection of sites “New” traits Nutritional, agroecological