Companies of the Canadian Fur Trade Canadian History.

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Presentation transcript:

Companies of the Canadian Fur Trade Canadian History

The Companies…A Brief Overview ► Hudson Bay Company ► North West Company

HBC ► Formed in 1670 ► Operated in Rupert’s Land…all the land that was drained by rivers flowing into Hudson’s Bay ► London-based ► Coastal trading posts located at the mouths of major rivers ► Natives would trap furs & bring them to the coastal posts

HBC…Advantages ► Close to fur supplies in northern Canada ► Ships could enter the center of the continent via Hudson’s Bay ► Costs were low…no inland traders

North West Company ► Formed in 1779 ► Montreal merchants / Independent traders ► Montreal-based ► Nor’Westers supervised trade in the west ► Other were responsible for exporting furs from Montreal ► French-Canadien Voyageurs paddled canoes

NWC ► Nor’Westers moved into western Canada in search for furs ► Alexander MacKenzie, Simon Fraser, David Thompson explored much of western Canada ► NWC trade extended into the Rocky Mts

NWC….PROBLEMS ► Distance (Montreal to Western Canada) ► Two-way transportation system emerged  Montreal to Fort William (Thunder Bay)  Fort William to the West

HBC…Changes ► When rival traders began intercepting native canoes on their way to HBC coastal posts, HBC began sending trading parties to the interior ► Cumberland House on the Saskatchewan River was the 1 st HBC inland post ► Led to direct competition with the NWC

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