The Fur Trade Study Guide Review

Number 1 What was the reason for First Nations people’s first contact with Europeans? First contact occurred when they traded with explorers fishing for cod off the east coast. P.108

Number 2 Did First Nations and Europeans benefit from their early interactions and trade? Both groups benefited from their early interactions and trade but as the fur trade developed, it became less beneficial to First Nations. P.109

Number 3 Name the two main French fur trading and shipping centres during the 1600’s. Québec and Montréal P.110

Number 4 What major seaway helped develop the fur trade and why? The St. Lawrence. The St. Lawrence river gave access to the trading networks of the Innu, Ouendat and Kichesiprini, which penetrated deep into the prime fur country of North America. P.111

The St. Lawrence River

Number 5 Who allied with the French during the 1600’s? The Ouendat. P.111

Number 6 Describe the location of Quebec as a trading centre. It was on the St. Lawrence and enabled better trade. P.111

Number 7 Why did many First Nations peoples accept Christianity? They converted to Christianity for trade and military alliances. P.112 *Many first nations people had little interest in becoming Christians so they followed a blend of Christian and traditional practices.

Image from the film Mission of Fear (NFB) 1975

Number 8 What was the role of middlemen? The Ouendat became middlemen between the French and First Nations established in the Great Lakes region, such as the Anishinabe. The Ouendat would collect the furs and bring them to the French forts. P.112

Number 9 Who were the coureurs de bois? P.112 “Runners of the Woods”, were independent fur traders who traded directly with the First Nations. P.112

1790 TRADING POST by C.W. Jefferys

Number 10 What was the French trading strategy? Their trading strategy was to develop direct contact and partnerships with the First Nations peoples. P.117 /113

Number 11 Who are the Métis? Where did they settle? The Métis are people of mixed cultural background such as French and First Nations or Scottish and First Nations. They settled in an area called Red River. P.117/123

Red River Settlement

Number 12 Define portage. To carry their goods on land to avoid rapids, including the canoes and pelts. P.118

Number 13 Name the two main fur trading companies. Hudson Bay and North West Company P.121 /130

Number 14 After the Treaty of Paris in 1763, Britain took over the fur trade, but what else did they want? They wanted land and farm products. P. 122

Number 15 What role did the Métis women play? Metis women were trade and business partners, skilled interpreters, and companions. P.127

Number 16 What is pemmican? A staple provided by First Nations to the Europeans. It was a food source made of dried meat, pounded and mixed with berries and fat. P.128

Number 17 After years of competition, these two rival companies merged (joined) and were called what? The Hudson’s Bay Company P.130

What hat would suit you?

Interactive Map Click on the link. Hbc Heritage - Learning Centre - Map - Map

HBC Coat of Arms

Number 18 Define monopoly. Having control of all resources in an area. P.131

Number 19 Why did Britain sell Rupert’s Land to Canada? They were afraid of an American invasion. P.131

Number 20 What was the main factor for expanding west and the migration of people westward? The fur trade. P.133

1828 FRAZER RIVER, YALE, B.C. by Sherriff Scott

Number 21 What eventually happened to the trading forts after the decline of the fur trade? They became permanent settlements. P.134 (Image - Fort Vancouver)

Number 22 Why did the Cree move westward? They moved westward because the buffalo were disappearing in the east. P.134

Who are we? We are the ___________! P:\Social 7\4. Chapter Four\We Are The Beaver.ppt