B. Neidhart, W. Wegscheider (Eds.): Quality in Chemical Measurements © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 P. RadvilaConcepts of Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Analytical Research Projects and Non Routine Analysis 1 Question unclear Sample and matrix unknown Method new or unproven Deviation of concentration range Synthesis and materials R&D Process development Analytical R&D (techniques / method) "Trouble shooting" (e.g. quality control, production ) Academia Industry and Commerce Government and public services Typical Non Routine Analysis (NRA) and Research and Development (R&D) Situations

B. Neidhart, W. Wegscheider (Eds.): Quality in Chemical Measurements © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 P. RadvilaConcepts of Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Analytical Research Projects and Non Routine Analysis 2 Routine vs NRA and R&D RA NRA /R&D Sample Sampling Sample preparation Analysis (method) Confirmation of data Validation / MU* () Preparation of RM** () Evaluation of results () Reporting of results Interpretion / Comments () * Measurement Uncertainty ** Reference Materials

B. Neidhart, W. Wegscheider (Eds.): Quality in Chemical Measurements © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 P. RadvilaConcepts of Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Analytical Research Projects and Non Routine Analysis 3 Characteristics of NRA and R&D Many unknowns Sample, matrix Problem, answers Methodology Resources Require EXTRA effort (Quality Assurance, QA) Planning of task and performance Execution and control of work Evaluation of work and results Extent depends on Complexity Degree of novelty Expenditure and duration Risks and consequences

B. Neidhart, W. Wegscheider (Eds.): Quality in Chemical Measurements © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 P. RadvilaConcepts of Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Analytical Research Projects and Non Routine Analysis 4 Quality Mangement (QM): Quality of Analysis Requirements usefulness of results valid and reproducible data compliance with cost and time limits  = Fit for purpose

B. Neidhart, W. Wegscheider (Eds.): Quality in Chemical Measurements © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 P. RadvilaConcepts of Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Analytical Research Projects and Non Routine Analysis 5 Characteristics and Consequences Projects are problem solving tasks Many uncertainties Flexible planning with alternatives Efficiency requires planning and structuring of work Much QA effort: technical + organizational

B. Neidhart, W. Wegscheider (Eds.): Quality in Chemical Measurements © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 P. RadvilaConcepts of Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Analytical Research Projects and Non Routine Analysis 6 Characteristics and Consequences Combination of elements PROJECT MANAGEMENT (PM) + QUALITY MANAGEMENT (QM) Scientist: Manager of the Unknown

B. Neidhart, W. Wegscheider (Eds.): Quality in Chemical Measurements © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 P. RadvilaConcepts of Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Analytical Research Projects and Non Routine Analysis 7 Definitions (Webster's 1994) Project 1. Something that is contemplated, devised or planned; plan; scheme 2. A large or major undertaking, esp. one involving considerable money, personnel and equipment 3. A specific task of investigation, esp. in scholarship 4. Educ. an educational assignment necessitating personal initiative on the part of a student Task 1. A definite piece of work assigned to a person 2. Any piece of work 3. A matter of considerable labor or difficulty

B. Neidhart, W. Wegscheider (Eds.): Quality in Chemical Measurements © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 P. RadvilaConcepts of Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Analytical Research Projects and Non Routine Analysis 8 EURACHEM/CITAC Guide CG2 ”Quality Assurance for Research and Development and Non Routine Analysis", Chapters 7.1, 7.2, 7.3 Phase 1: Preparation and planning before work definition of task and project design project design and research plan resource management of task Phase 2: Work in progress progress review / monitoring analysis data verification changing direction Phase 3: Work is completed achievement review reporting, technology transfer and publication archiving Analytical Task Quality Elements

B. Neidhart, W. Wegscheider (Eds.): Quality in Chemical Measurements © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 P. RadvilaConcepts of Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Analytical Research Projects and Non Routine Analysis 9 1. Preparation and Planning Task Definition + Project Design Analysis and Definition Understand, analyse, define problem and review of literature, goals Experience Sampling, sample / matrix, analyte Methods, accuracy, validation, RM Dates of preliminary results, completion Decision points (date, result, expense) Resources, subcontraction Confidentiality, intellectual property Archiving Exploitation Tool: Questionnaire

B. Neidhart, W. Wegscheider (Eds.): Quality in Chemical Measurements © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 P. RadvilaConcepts of Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Analytical Research Projects and Non Routine Analysis Preparation and Planning Project Design and Research Plan Defines Goals:Intermediate goals Decision points / milestones Answers / results Tactics:Task Workpackage (WP) Resources:Personnel Equipment Total / WP Time:Start Intermediate dead lines (WP) End Tools: flow-chart, bar-chart, critical path method

B. Neidhart, W. Wegscheider (Eds.): Quality in Chemical Measurements © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 P. RadvilaConcepts of Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Analytical Research Projects and Non Routine Analysis Preparation and Planning Task Definition + Project Design Organization of Task Environment Scope Objectives Resources Costing Milestone planning Contract control Financial control Change management Customer liaison

B. Neidhart, W. Wegscheider (Eds.): Quality in Chemical Measurements © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 P. RadvilaConcepts of Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Analytical Research Projects and Non Routine Analysis Preparation and Planning Project Design and Research Plan Resource Management Define authority and responsibility Set tasks and time table Involve all personnel Secure availability (resource, time) Monitoring system Communicate and consult

B. Neidhart, W. Wegscheider (Eds.): Quality in Chemical Measurements © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 P. RadvilaConcepts of Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Analytical Research Projects and Non Routine Analysis Work in Progress Record and Verify Lab work, observations Lab data and print-outs Progress, difficulties Unsuccessful work Deviations from plan Ad hoc changes Organisational aspects Document Consistency with literature Plausible with experience Reproducibility of results Check data with RM / model substances Reproduction of work Verify and validate

B. Neidhart, W. Wegscheider (Eds.): Quality in Chemical Measurements © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 P. RadvilaConcepts of Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Analytical Research Projects and Non Routine Analysis Work in Progress Progress Review Monitor Results, problems Deviation from plans Expense Time schedule vs. achievement Change / modify plan Stop / go Decide and report Irregular intervals Milestones / dates Workpackage Major problem Reports, meetings

B. Neidhart, W. Wegscheider (Eds.): Quality in Chemical Measurements © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 P. RadvilaConcepts of Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Analytical Research Projects and Non Routine Analysis 15 Presentation in reports, SOP, publications Comprehensible Enable reproduction of work Document trueness (validation, MU) Problems, dangers Usefulness of results Quality of work Gained experience Compliance with expense Satisfaction of client Achievement review 3. Completion of Work Reporting

B. Neidhart, W. Wegscheider (Eds.): Quality in Chemical Measurements © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 P. RadvilaConcepts of Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Analytical Research Projects and Non Routine Analysis 16 Secure storage Note books Data recordings Samples Reference samples Legal / regulatory (contents, length, safety) Customer / external agency Verification Validation Proficiency testing with samples Duplication of work Technology transfer, publication Requirements 3. Completion of Work Archiving + Reporting

B. Neidhart, W. Wegscheider (Eds.): Quality in Chemical Measurements © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 P. RadvilaConcepts of Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Analytical Research Projects and Non Routine Analysis 17 Key Elements for Quality Analyse problem Plan and organise work Work and monitor results Verify and validate data Document activities and results Report and review Archive documents and samples

B. Neidhart, W. Wegscheider (Eds.): Quality in Chemical Measurements © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000 P. RadvilaConcepts of Quality Management and Quality Assurance in Analytical Research Projects and Non Routine Analysis 18 Q-Key elementsISO/IEC 17025Management RequirementsTools Analyse Plan and Organise Work and Monitoring Verify and validate Document Report and Review Archive Management Technical PM + QM Combination of PM and QM QA in NRA and R&D is TQM !